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THE 



ORBIS PICTUS 



OF 



John Amos Comenius, 



This work is, indeed, the first children's picture book. 
Encyclopedia Britannica, qth Edition, vi. 182. 





SYRACUSE, N. Y.: 
C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, 

1887. 

Copyright, 1887, by C. W. Bardeen. 



UT 






It may not be generally known that Comenius was once 
solicited to become President of Harvard College. The follow- 
ing is a quotation from Vol. II, p. 14, of Cotton Mather's 
MagnaliA: 

"That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame 
of whose worth has been trumpetted as far as more than three 
languages ^whereof everyone is indebted unto his Janua^ could 
carry it, was indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his 
travels through the low countries, to come over to New Eng- 
land, and illuminate their CoUedge and country, in the quality of 
a President, which was now become vacant. But the solicita- 
tions of the Swedish Ambassador diverting him another way, 
that incomparable Moravian became not an American." 

This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654 — 
Note of Prof. Payne, Compayre's History of Education, 
Boston, 1886, p. 125. 



Editor's Preface. 



When it is remembered that this work is not only 
an educational classic of prime importance, but that 
it was the first picture-book ever made for children 
-and was for a century the most popular text-book in 
Europe, and yet has been for many years unattaina- 
ble on account of its rarity, the wonder is, not that 
it is reproduced now but that it has not been repro- 
duced before. But the difficulty has been to find a 
satisfactory copy. Many as have been the editions, 
few copies have been preserved. It was a book chil- 
dren were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves 
-over and over to see the pictures. Then as the old 
copper-plates became indistinct they were replaced 
by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, and often 
of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that 
the edition oi 1 7 5 5 substitutes for the original cut of the 
Soul, (No. 43, as here given, ^ a picture of an eye, and in 
a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. II., and adds that it is 
difficult to recognize in this an expressive psycholog- 
ical symbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, 
published in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted alto- 
gether, and indeed there are but 82 in place of the 
157 found in earlier editions, the following, as num- 
bered in this edition, being omitted : 

1, the alphabet, 2, 36, 43, 45, 66, 68, 75, 76, 78-80, 87, 
^8, 92-122, 124, 126, 128, 130-141. 

(iii) 



iv THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a 
curious additional cut. It gives No. 4, the Heaven,, 
practically as in this edition, but puts another cut 
under it in which the earth is revolving about the 
sun ; and after the statement of Comenius, ^^Coelum ro- 
tatur^ et ambit terrani^ in medio staniem " interpolates : 
*■'' prout veteres crediderimt; recentiores enim defendunt 
motum ierrae circa solem " [as the ancients used to think; 
for later authorities hold that the motion of the earth 
is about the sun.] 

Two specimen pages from another edition are in- 
serted in Payne's Compayre's History of Education 
(^between pp. 126, 127^. The cut is the representa- 
tive of No. 103 in this edition, but those who com- 
pare them will see not only how much coarser is the 
execution of the wood-cut Prof. Payne has copied, 
but what liberties have been taken with with the de- 
sign. The only change in the Latin text, however,, 
is from Designat Figuras rerum in the original, to 
Figuram rerum designat. 

" In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies 
of the copper-plates of the first edition of 1658, from 
which we have also taken the Latin text. The text. 
for the English translation is from the English edi- 
tion of 1727, in which for the first time the English 
words were so arranged as to stand opposite their 
Latin equivalents. 

The cuts have been reproduced with great care by 
the photographic process. I thought best not to per- 
mit them to be retouched, preferring occasional in- 
distinctness to modern tampering with the originals^ 
that would make them less authentic. 



EDITOR S PREFACE. V 

The English text is unchanged from that of the 
1727 edition, except in rare instances where substitu- 
tions have been made for single words not now per- 
missible. The typography suggests rather than imi- 
tates the quaintness of the original, and the paper 
was carefully selected to produce so far as practica- 
ble the impression of the old hand-presses. 

In short my aim has been to put within the reach 
of teachers at a moderate price a satisfactory repro- 
duction of this important book; and if the sale of the 
Orbis Pictus seems to warrant it, I hope subsequently 
to print as a companion volume the Vestibulum and 
Janua of the same author, of which I have choice 
<:opies. C. W. Bardeen. 

Syracuse^ Sept. 28, 1887. 



Comments upon the Orbis Pictus. 



During four years he here prosecuted his efforts in 
behalf of education with commendable success, and 
wrote, among other works, his celebrated Orbis Pic- 
tus, which has passed through a great many editions,, 
and survived a multitude of imitations. — Smith's 
History of Education, N. Y., 1842, p. 129. 

The most eminent educator of the seventeenth cen- 
tury, however, was John Amos Comenius His 

Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, enjoyed 
a still higher renown. The text was much the same 
with the Janua, being intended as a kind of element- 
ary encyclopaedia ; but it differed from aWprevious text- 
hooks^ in being illustrated with pictures, on copper 
and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. This 
book was universally popular. In those portions of 
Germany where the schools had been broken up by 
the " Thirty years* war," mothers taught their chil- 
dren from its pages. Corrected and amended by 
later editors, it continued for nearly two hundred 
years, to be a text-book of the German schools. — 
History and Progress of Education, by Philobib- 
Lius, N. Y., i860, p. 210. 

The " Janua " would, therefore, have had but a 

short-lived popularity with teachers, and a still shorter 

with learners, if Comenius had not carried out his- 

(vi) 



COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. Vll 

principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the 
artist. The result was the " Orbis Pictus," a book 
which proved a favorite with young and old, and 
maintained its ground in many a school for more 
than a century I am sorry I cannot give a speci- 
men of this celebrated book with its quaint pictures. 
The artist, of course, was wanting in the technical 
skill which is now commonly displayed even in the 
cheapest publications, but this renders his deline- 
ations none the less entertaining. As a picture of 
the life and manners of the seventeeth century, the 
work has great historical interest, which will, I hope, 
secure for it another English edition. — Quick's Edu- 
cational Reformers, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79. 

But the principle on which he most insisted is 
that the teaching of words and things must go to- 
gether, hand in hand. When we consider how much 
time is spent over new languages, what waste of 
energy is lavished on mere preparation, how it takes 
so long to lay a foundation that there is no time to 
lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in 
the acceptance and development ot this principle 
that the improvement of education will in the future 
consist. Any one who attempts to inculcate this 
great reform will find that its first principles are con- 
tained in the writings of Comenius. — Encyclopae- 
dia Britannica, 9th edition, vii. 674. 

The first edition of this celebrated book was pub- 
lished at Nuremberg in 1657; soon after a transla- 
tion was made into English by Charles Hoole. The 
last English edition appeared in 1777, and this was 
reprinted in America in 18 12. This was the first il- 



Viii THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

lustrated school-book, and was the first attempt at 
what now passes under the name of ''object lessons.* 
— Short History of Education, W. H. Payne, Syra- 
cuse, 1881, p. 103. 

Of these, the "Janua " and the "Orbis" were trans- 
lated into most European and some of the Oriental 
languages. It is evident that these practices of Co- 
menius contain the germs of things afterwards con- 
nected with the names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It 
also may be safely assumed that many methods that 
are now in practical use, were then not unknown to 
earliest teachers. — Gill's Systems of Education, 
London, 1876, p. 13. 

The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, 
the more we shall see it is replete with suggestive- 
ness, and we shall feel surprised that so much wis- 
dom can have lain in the path of schoolmasters for 
two hundred and fifty years, and that they have never 
stooped to avail themselves of its treasures. — Brown- 
ing's Introduction to the History of Educational 
Theories, 1882, New York edition, p. 67. 

The " Orbis Pictus," the first practical application 
of the intuitive method, had an extraordinary suc- 
cess, and has served as a model for the innumerable 
illustrated books which for three centuries have in- 
vaded the schools. — Compayre's History of Peda- 
gogy, Payne's translation, Boston, 1886, p. 127. 

He remained at Patak four years, which were char- 
acterized by surprising literary activity. During 
this short period he produced no less than fifteen 
diff"erent works, among them his "World Illustrated" 
(Orbis Pictus)^ the most famous ot all his writings. 



COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. IX 

It admirably applied the principle that words and 
things should be learned together. .. .The "World 
Illustrated " had an enormous circulation, and re- 
mained for a long time the most popular text-book 
in Europe. — Painter's History of Education, N.Y., 
1886, p. 206. 

Or, si ce livre n^est qu'un equivalent le la veri- 
table intuition; si, ensuite, le contenu du tout parait 
fort defectueux, au point de vue de la science de nos 
jours; si, enfin, un effort exagere pour 1' integrite 
de la conception de 1' enfant a cree, pour les choses 
modernes, trop de denominations latines qui parais- 
sent douteuses, 1' Orhis pictus etait pourtant, pour son 
temps, une oeuvre tr^s originale et tres spirituelle, 
qui fit faire un grand progres a la pedagogie et ser- 
vit longtemps de livre d' ecole utile et de modele 
k d' innomorables livres d' images, souvent pires. — 
HisTORiE d' EDUCATION, Frederick Dittes, Redolfi's 
French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178. 

Here Comenius wrote, among others, his second 
celebrated work the " Orbis Pictus." He was not, 
however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a 
skilful engraver on copper. For such a one he car- 
ried it to Michael Endter, the bookseller at Nurem- 
berg, but the engraving delayed the publication of 
the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius 
expressed the hope that it would appear during the 
next autumn. With what great approbation the 
work was received at its first appearance, is shown by 
the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had 
published a second enlarged edition. — Karl Von 



X THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

Raumer, translated in Barnard's Journal of Educa- 
tion, V. 260. 

The " Janua" had an enormous sale, and was pub- 
lished in many languages, but the editions and sale 
of the "Orbis Pictus" far exceeded those of the 
" Janua," and, indeed, for some time it was the most 
popular text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. — 
Laurie's John Amos Comenius, Boston edition, p» 

185. 



JoH. Amos Comenii 

Orbis Sensualium Pictus: 

HOC EST 

Omnium principalium in Mundo 
Rerum, & in Vita Actionum, 

PlCTURA & NOMENCLATURA . 



JoH. Amos Comenius's 

VISIBLE WORLD: 

OR, A 

Nomenclature, and Pictures 

OF ALL THE 

Chief Things that are in the World, and 
of Mens Employments therein ; 

In above 150 Copper Cuts. 

WRITTEN 

By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being; 

one of his last Essays ; and the most suitable to Chil- 

drens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. 



Translated into English 

By Charles Hoole, M. A. 

For the Use of Young Latin Scholars. 



The Eleventh Edition Corrected, and the English made to 
answer Word for Word to the Latin. 



Nihil est in iniellectu, quod non prius fuit in sensu. Arist. 



London; Printed for, and sold by yohn and Benj. 
Sprint^ at the Bell in Little Britain^ 1728. 



Gen. ii. 19, 20. 

The Lord God brought unto Adam every Beast of 
the Field, and every Fowl of the Air, to see what he 
would call them. And Adam gave Names to all Cat- 
tle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast ot 
the Field. 

Gen. ii. 19, 20. 

Adduxit Dominus Deus <z^Adam ciincta Animantia Ter- 
rcE^ &= universa iwlatilia Codi^ ut videret quomodo vocaret 
ilia. Appellavitque Adam Nominihus suis cuncta Animan- 
tia^ <5^* universa volatilia Coeli, &> omnes Bestias Agri. 

I. A. Comenii opera Didactica par. i. p. 6, Amst. 
1657. fol. 

Didacticse nostrae prora & puppis esto : Investigare, 
& invenire modum, quo Docentes minus doceant, Dis- 
centes vero plus discant : Scholae minus habeant Stre- 
pitus, nauseae, vani laboris ; plus autem otii, delicia- 
rum, solidique profectus : Respublica Christiana 
minus tenebrarum confusionis dissidiorum ; plus 
lucis, ordinis, pacis & tranquilitatis. 



The Author's Preface to the 
Reader. 



'Instruction is the means to expel Rudeness, V7\th. which. 
young wits ought to be well furnished in Schools:. 
But so, as that the teaching be i. True, 2. Full, 3. 
Clear, and 4. Solid. 

1. It will be true, if nothing be taught but such as 
is beneficial to ones life ; lest there be a cause of 
complaining afterwards. We know not necessary- 
things^ because we have not learned things neces- 
sary. 

2. It will be full, if the mind be polished for wis- 
dom, the tongue for eloquence, and the hands for a 
neat way of living. This will be that grace of one's 
life, to be wise^ to act, to speak, 

3. 4. It will be clear, and by that, firm and solid, if 
whatever is taught and learned, be not obscure, or 
confused, but apparent, distinct, and articulate, as 
the fingers on the hands. 

The ground of this business, is, that sensual ob- 
jects may be rightly presented to the senses, for fear- 
they may not be received. I say, and say it again 
aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest : 
because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless 
we first rightly understand all the things which are 

(xiii) 



XIV THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

to be done, and whereof we are to speak. Now there 
is nothing in the understanding, which was not be- 
fore in the sense. And therefore to exercise the 
senses well about the right perceiving the differences 
of things, will be to lay the grounds for all wisdom, 
and all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in 
ones course of life. Which, because it is commonly 
neglected in schools, and the things which are to be 
learned are offered to scholars, without being under- 
stood or being rightly presented to the senses, it 
Cometh to pass, that the work of teaching and learn- 
ing goeth heavily onward, and afifordeth little benefit. 

See here then a new help for schools, A Picture 
and Nomenclature of all the chief things in the 
world, and of men's actions in their way of living: 
Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to 
run over with your scholars, I will tell you, in short, 
what good you may expect from it. 

It is a Utile Book, as you see, of no great bulk, yet 
a brief of the whole world, and a whole language: 
full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and Descriptions of 
things. 

I. The Pictures are the representation of all visible 
things, fto which also things invisible are reduced 
after their fashion^ of the whole world. And that in 
that very order of things, in which they are described 
in the J^anua Latince Lifigucej and with that fulness, 
that nothing very necessary or of great concernment 
is omitted. 

II. The Nomenclatures are the Inscriptions, or 
Titles set every one over their own Pictures, express- 
ing the whole thing by its own general term. 



author's preface. XV 

III. The Descriptions are the explications of the 
parts of the Picture, so expressed by their own proper 
terms, as that same figure which is added to every 
piece of the picture, and the term of it, always shew- 
eth what things belongeth one to another. 

Which such Book, and in such a dress may (\ hope^ 
serve, 

I. To entice witty children to it, that they may 
not conceit a torment to be in the school, but dainty 
fare. For it is apparent, that children feven from 
their infancy almost^) are delighted with Pictures, 
and willingly please their eyes with these lights : 
And it will be very well worth the pains to have once 
brought it to pass, that scare-crows may be taken 
away out of Wisdom's Gardens. 

II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the 
Attention, which is to be fastened upon things, and 
even to be sharpened more and more : which is also 
a great matter. For the Senses (^being the main 
guides of childhood, because therein the mind doth 
not as yet raise up itself to an abstracted contempla- 
tion of things^ evermore seek their own objects, and 
if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves 
hither and thither out of a weariness of themselves : 
but when their objects are present, they grow merry, 
wax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to be fas- 
tened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently dis- 
cerned. This Book then will do a good piece of 
service in taking ^especially flickering/ wits, and 
preparing them for deeper studies. 

III. Whence a third good will follow ; that chil- 
dren being won hereunto, and drawn over with this 



XVI THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

way of heeding, may be furnished with the knowl- 
edge of the prime things that are in the world, by 
sport and merry pastime. In a word, this Book will 
serve for the more pleasing using of the Vestibulum 
and Janua Linguarutn^ for which end it was even at 
the first chiefly intended. Yet if it like any, that it 
be bound up in their native tongues also, it prom- 
iseth three good thing of itself. 

I. First it will afford a device for learning to read 
more easily than hitherto, especially having a sym- 
bolical alphabet set before it, to wit, the characters 
of the several letters, with the image of that creature,, 
whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, pic- 
tur'd by it. For the young Abe scholar will easily 
remember the force of every character by the very 
looking upon the creature, till the imagination being 
strengthened by use, can readily afford all things ; 
and then having looked over a table of the chief sylla- 
bles also (^which yet was not thought necessary to be 
added to this book J he may proceed to the viewing 
of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over 'em. 
Where again the very looking upon the thing pic- 
tured suggesting the name of the thing, will tell him 
how the title of the picture is to be read. And 
thus the whole book being gone over by the bare 
titles of the pictures, reading cannot but be learned *,. 
and indeed too, which thing is to be noted, without 
using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most trouble- 
some torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided 
by this method. For the often reading over the 
Book, by those larger descriptions of things, and 
which are set after the Pictures, will be able per- 
fectly to beget a habit of reading. 



author's preface. xvii 

II. The same book being used in English, in Eng- 
lish Schools, will serve for the perfect learning of the 
whole English tongue, and that from the bottom; be- 
cause by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the 
words and phrases of the whole language are found 
set orderly in their own places. And a short Eng- 
lish Grammar might be added at the end, clearly 
resolving the speech already understood into its 
parts; shewing the declining of the several words, 
and reducing those that are joined together under 
certain rules. 

III. Thence a new benefit cometh, that that very 
English Translation may serve for the more ready 
and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue : as one 
may see in this Edition, the whole book being so 
translated, that every where one word answereth to 
the word over against it, and the book is in all things 
the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a 
double garment. And there might be also some 
observations and advertisements added in the end, 
touching those things only, wherein the use of 
the Latin tongue dififereth from the English. For 
where there is no difference, there needeth no adver- 
tisement to be given. But, because the first tasks of 
learners ought to be little and single^ we have filled this 
first book of training one up to see a thing of him- 
self, with nothing but rudiments, that is, with the 
chief of things and words, or with the grounds of the 
whole world, and the whole language, and of all our 
understanding about things. If a more perfect de- 
scription of things, and a fuller knowledge of a lan- 
guage, and a clearer light of the understanding be 

B 



XVlll THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

sought after (^as they ought to be^ they are to be 
found somewhere whither there will now be an easy 
passage by this our little Encyclopcedia of things sub- 
ject to the senses. Something remaineth to be said 
touching the more chearful use of this book. 

I. Let it be given to children into their hands to 
delight themselves withal as they please, with the 
sight of the pictures, and making them as familiar to 
themselves as may be, and that even at home before 
they be put to school. 

II. Then let them be examined ever and anon f es- 
pecially now in the school^ what this thing or that 
thing is, and is called, so that they may see nothing 
which they know not how to name, and that they 
can name nothing which they cannot shew. 

III. And let the things named them be shewed, not 
only in the Picture, but also in themselves ; for ex- 
ample, the parts of the body, clothes, books, the house, 
utensils, o^c. 

IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pic- 
tures by hand, if they will, nay rather, let them be 
encouraged, that they may be willing : first, thus to 
quicken the attention also towards the things; and 
to observe the proportion of the parts one towards 
another; and lastly to practise the nimbleness of the 
hand, which is good for many things. 

V. If anything here mentioned, cannot be pre- 
sented to the eye, it will be to no purpose at all to 
offer them by themselves to the scholars; as colours, 
relishes, 6^^., which cannot here be pictured out with 
ink. For which reason it were to be wished, that 
things rare and not easy to be met withal at home, 



" author's preface. xix 

might be kept ready in every great school, that they 
may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be 
made of them, to the scholars. 

Thus at last this school would indeed become a 
school of things obvious to ^the senses, and an en- 
trance to the school intellectual. But enough : Let 
us come to the thing it self. 



The Translator, to all judicious 

AND INDUSTRIOUS ScHOOL-MaSTERS. 



Gentlemen. 

There are a few of you (1 think^ but have seen^ 
and with great willingness made use of (or at 
least perused J many of the Booksof this ot this 
well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for 
their profitableness to the speedy attainment of a lan- 
guage, have been translated in several countries, out 
of Latin into their own native tongue. 

Now the general verdict (^after trial made^ that hath 
passed, touching those formerly extant, is this, that 
they are indeed of singular use, and very advanta- 
geous to those of more discretion, (^especially to such 
as already have a smattering of LatinJ to help their 
memories to retain what they have scatteringly got- 
ten here and there, to furnish them with many words^ 
which (^perhapSy) they had not formerly read, or so 
well observed ; but to young children (^whom we 
have chiefly to instruct^ as those that are ignorant 
altogether of things and words, and prove rather a 
meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance. 

For to pack up many words in memory, of things 
not conceived in the mind, is to fill the head with 
empty imaginations, and to make the learner more 

(XX) 



translator's preface. xxi 

to admire the multitude and variety fand thereby, to 
become discouragedj than to care to treasure them 
up, in hopes to gain more knowledge of what they 
mean. 

He hath therefore in some of his latter works 
seemed to move retrograde, and striven to come 
nearer the reach of tender wits : and in this present 
Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended 
to the very bottom of what is to be taught, and pro- 
ceeded (^as nature it self doth^ in an orderly way ; 
first to exercise the senses well, by representing 
their objects to them, and then to fasten upon 
the intellect by impressing the first notions of 
things upon it, and linking them on to another 
by a rational discourse. Whereas indeed, we, gen- 
erally missing this way, do teach children as we do 
parrots, to speak they know not v»^hat, nay which is 
worse, we, taking the way of teaching little ones by 
Grammar only at the first, do puzzle their imagina- 
tions with abstractive terms and secondary intentions, 
which till they be somewhat acquainted with things, 
and the words belonging to them, in the language 
which they learn, they cannot apprehend what they 
mean. And this I guess to be the reason, why many 
great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a 
child to school till he be at least eleven or twelve 
years of age, presuming that he having then taken 
notice of most things, will sooner get the knowledge 
of the words which are applyed to them in any lan- 
guage. But the gross misdemeanor of such children 
for the most part, have taught many parents to be hasty 
enough to send their own to school, if not that they 
may learn, yet (at least^ that they might be kept out 



XXll THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

of harm's way; and yet if they do not profit for the 
time they have been at school, (^no respect at all be- 
ing had for their yearsj the Master shall be sure 
enough to bear the blame. 

So that a School-master had need to bend his wits 
to come within the compass of a child's capacity of 
six or seven years of age f seeing we have now such 
commonly brought to our Grammar-schools to learn 
the Latin Tongue^ and to make that they may learn 
with as much delight and willingness, as himself 
would teach with dexterity and ease. And at pres- 
ent I know no better help to forward his young 
scholars than this little Book, which was for this 
purpose contrived by the Author in the German and 
Latin Tongues. 

What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting 
chiefly that his own country and language, he him- 
self hath told you in his preface; but what use we 
may here make of it in our Grammar-schools, as 
it is now translated into English, I shall partly de- 
clare ; leaving all other men, according to my wont, 
to their own discretion and liberty, to use or refuse 
it, as they please. So soon then as a child can read 
English perfectly, and is brought to us to school to 
learn Latin, I would have him together with his Ac- 
cidence, to be provided of this Book, in which he may 
at least once a day f beside his Accidence^ be thus 
exercised. 

L Let him look over the pictures with their gen« 
eral titles and inscriptions, till he be able to turn 
readily to any one of them, and to tell its name 
either in English or Latin. By this means he shall 



translator's preface. xxiii 

have the method of the Book in his head ; and be 
easily furnished with the knowledge of most things; 
and instructed how to call them, when at any time 
he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms. 

II. Let him read the description at large : First in 
English, and afterward in Latin, till he can readily 
read, and distinctly pronounce the words in both 
Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And 
withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and 
to what part of the picture they direct by their like 
till he be well able to find out every particular thing 
of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in Eng- 
lish or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the most 
primitive words, but be understandingly grounded 
in Orthography, which is a thing too generally neg- 
lected by us; partly because our English schools 
think that children should learn it at the Latin, and 
our Latin schools suppose they have already learn'd 
it at the English; partly, because our common Gram- 
mar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so 
little exercised therein, that they pass from schools to 
the Universities and return from thence (^some of 
them^ more unable to write true English, than either 
Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Trades- 
men, many of whom write such false English, that none 
but themselves can interpret what they scribble in 
their bills and shop-books. 

III. Then let him get the Titles and Descriptions 
by heart, which he will more easily do, by reason of 
these impressions which the viewing of the pictures 
hath already made in his memory. And now let him 
also learn, i. To construe, or give the words one by 



XXIV THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

one, as they answer one another in Latin and Eng- 
lish. 2. To Parse, according to the rules, f which I 
presume by this timej he hath learn'd in the first 
part of his Accidence; where I would have him tell 
what part of Speech any word is, and then what ac- 
cidents belong to it; but especially to decline the 
nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Ex- 
amples in his Rudiments; and this doing will enable 
him to know the end and use of his Accidence. As 
for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the Praeter- 
perfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of 
Concordance and Construction in the latter part of 
the Accidence, I would not have a child much 
troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he 
can perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as con- 
cerns the first part of his Accidence only. For that, 
and this book together, being thoroughly learn'd by 
at least thrice going them over, will much prepare 
children to go chearfully forward in their Grammar 
and School-Authors, especially, if whilst they are 
employed herein, they be taught also to write a fair 
and legible hand. 

There is one thing to be given notice of, which I 
wish could have been remedied in this Translation; 
that the Book being writ in high-Dutch doth express 
many things in reference to that Country and Speech, 
which cannot without alteration of some Pictures as 
well as words be expressed in ours : for the Symbol- 
ical Alphabet is fitted for German children rather 
than for ours. And whereas the words of that Lan- 
guage go orderly one for one with the Latin, our 
English propriety of Speech will not admit the like. 
Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend 



TRANSLATOR S PREFACE. XXV 

to make use of this Book, to construe it verbatim to 
their young Scholars, who will quickly learn to do 
it of themselves, after they be once acquainted with 
the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their man- 
ner of variation. 

Such a work as this, I observe to have been form- 
erly much desired by some experienced Teachers, 
and I my self had some years since (^whilst my own 
Child lived^ begun the like, having found it most 
agreeable to the best witted Children, who are most 
taken up with Pictures from their Infancy, because 
by them the knowledge of things which they seem to 
represent (^and whereof Children are as yet ignor- 
ant^ are most easily conveyed to the Understanding. 
But for as much as the work is now done, though in 
some things not so completely as it were to be wished, 
I rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own under- 
takings for the present. And because any good thing 
is the better, being the more communicated ; I have 
herein imitated a Child who is forward to impart to 
others what himself has well liked. You then that 
have the care of little Children, do not much trouble 
their thoughts and clog their memories with bare 
Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in 
getting, and fluid in retaining; because indeed to 
them they signifie nothing, but a mere swimming 
notion of a general term, which they know not what 
it meaneth, till they comprehend particulars, but by 
this or the like subsidiary, inform them, first with 
some knowledge of things and words wherewith to 
express them, and then their Rules of speaking will 
be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. 
Else how should a Child conceive what a Rule mean- 



XXVI THE ORBIS PICTUS. 

eth, when he neither knoweth what the Latin word im- 
porteth, nor what manner of thing it is which is sig- 
nified to him in his own native Language, which is 
given him thereby to understand the Rule ? For 
Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered (as I 
may say^ at a third hand, presuming first the things, 
and then the words to be already apprehended touch- 
ing which they are made. I might indeed enlarge 
upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our Pro- 
fession, to search into the way of Childrens taking 
hold by little and little of what we teach them, that 
so we may apply ourselves to their reach : But I 
leave the observation thereof to your own daily exer- 
cise, and experience got thereby. 

And I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wis- 
dom, that hath bestowed upon us this gift of Teach- 
ing, so to inspire and direct us by his Grace, that 
we may train up Children in his Fear and in the 
knowledge of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord ; and 
then no doubt our teaching and their learning of other 
things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of 
his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to da 
him faithful Service both in Church and Common- 
wealth, as long as they live here, that so they may be 
eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech 
you, beg for me and mine, as I shall daily do for 
you and yours, at the throne of God's heavenly grace ; 
and remain while I live 

Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, 
and labour willingly in the same Profession with 
you, CHARLES HOOLE. 

From my School, in 

Lothbury^ London^ Jan. 25, 1658, 



translator's preface. xxvii 

N. B. Those Heads or Descriptions which concern 
things beyond the present apprehension of Children's 
wits, as, those of Geography, Astronomy, or the like, 
I would have omitted, till the rest be learned, and a 
Child be better able to understand them. 

The Judgment of Mr. Hezekiah Woodward, some- 
times an eminent Schoolmaster in LONDON, touching 
a work of this Nature j in his Gate to Science, chap. 2. 
/^ertainly the use of Images or Representations is great : 

If we could make our words as legible to Children 
as Pictures are, their information therefrom would 
be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though 
we must do what we can. And if we had Books, 
wherein are the Pictures of all Creatures, Herbs, 
Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great 
stead. For Pictures are the most intelligible Books 
that Children can look upon. They come closest to 
Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds her. 



An Advertisement Concerning this 

Edition. 



As there are some considerable Alterations in the 
present Edition of this Book from the former, 
it may be expected an Account should be given 
of the Reasons for them. 'Tis certain from the 
Author's Words, that when it was first published, 
which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and 
High-Dutch; every where one word answer'd to an- 
other over-against it : This might have been observ'd 
in our English Translation, which wou'd have fully 
answer'd the design of COMENIUS, and have made 
the Book much more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether 
out of too much scrupulousness to disturb the Words 
in some places from the order they were in, or not 
sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having 
the Latin and English so far asunder) has made them 
so much disagree, that a Boy has sometimes to seek 
7 or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which 
is no small trouble to Young Learners who are at 
first equally unacquainted with all Words, in a Lan- 
guage they are strangers to, except it be such as have 
Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound ; and 
thus may perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb 
in one Tongue, to a Noun in the other ; whence may 

( xxviii) 



AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXIX 

appear the Necessity of the Translation's being ex- 
actly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering 
one another, Line for Line. 

If it be objected, such a thing cou'd not be done 
(considering the difference of the Idioms) without 
transplacing Words here and there, and putting them 
into an order which may not perhaps be exactly 
classical; it ought to be observed, this is design 'd for 
Boys chiefly, or those who are just entering upon the 
Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be 
made as plain and familiar as possible, who are not, 
at their first beginning, to be taught the elegant 
placing of Latin, nor from such short Sentences as 
these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a 
fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken 
(according to the Advice of very good Judges,) in 
some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole's translating, 
and found to succeed abundantly well. 

Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of 
young Learners are certainly very reasonable, and 
wou'd be most agreeable to the Intentions of the 
Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit 
whatever he taught, to their manner of apprehending 
it. Whose Excellency in the art of Education made 
him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by 
several States and Princes to go and reform the 
Method of their Schools ; and whose works carried 
that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part of 
them were not only translated into 12 of the usual 
Languages of Europe, but also into the Arabic, Turk- 
ish, Persian, and Mogolic (the common Tongue of all 
that part of the East-Indies) and since his death, into 



XXX THE ORBIS PICTUS- 

the Hebrew^ and some others. Nor did they wai 
their due Encouragement here in England^ some Years 
ago; 'till by an indiscreet use of them, and want of a 
thorow acquaintance with his Method, or unwilling- 
ness to part from their old road, they began to be 
almost quite left off: Yet it were heartily to be 
wish'd, some Persons of Judgment and Interest, 
whose Example might have an influence upon others, 
and bring them into Reputation again, wou'd revive 
the COMENIAN METHOD, which is no other, than 
to make our Scholars learn with Delight and chear- 
fulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge 
of Things, with that of Languages, in an easy, natural 
and familiar way. Didactic Works (as they are now 
collected into one volume) for a speedy attaining the 
Knowledge of Things and Words, join'd with the 
Discourses of Mr. Lock* and 2 or 3 more out of our 
own Nation, for forming the Mind and settling good 
Habits, may doubtless be look'd upon to contain the 
most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of 
the Art of Education, that can be met with. 

Yet, alas ! how few are there, who follow the way 
they have pointed out ? tho' every one who seriously 
considers it, must be convinc'd of the Advantage ; 
and the generality of Schools go on in the same old 
dull road, wherein a great part of Children's time is 
lost in a tiresome heaping up a Pack of dry and un- 
profitable, or pernicious Notions (for surely little 

■*Mr. Lock's Essay upon Education, 

Dr. Tabor's Christain Schoolmaster. 

Dr. Ob. Walker of Education. 

Mr. Monro's Essay on Education. 

— His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c 



AN ADVERTISEMENT, &C. XXXI 

better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish 
stuff they are tormented with ; like the feeding them 
with hard Nuts, which v/hen they have almost broke 
their teeth with cracking, they find either deaf or to 
contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) 
whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, 
and useful in every state of Life, are left unregarded, 
to the Reproach of our Nation, where all other Arts 
are improved and flourish well, only this of Educa- 
tion of Youth is at a stand ; as if that, the good or ill 
management of which is of the utmost consequence 
to all, were a thing not worth any Endeavors to im- 
prove it, or was already so perfect and well executed 
that it needed none, when many of the greatest 
Wisdom and Judgment in several Nations, have with 
a just indignation endeavor'd to expose it, and to 
establish a more easy and useful way in its room. 

'Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, 
but thus much may suffice for the present purpose. 
The Book has merit enough to recommend it self to 
those who know how to make a right use of it. It was 
reckon'd one of the Author's best performances ; and 
besides the many Impressions and Translations it has 
had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times re- 
printed here. It was endeavor'd no needless Altera- 
tions shou'd be admitted in this Edition, and as little 
of any as cou'd consist with the design of making it 
plain and useful; to shun the offence it might give 
to some ; and only the Roman and Italic Character 
alternately made use of, where transplacing of Words 
or ^'d be avoided. 

London, J. H. 

July 13, 1727. 



ri J 



Orbis Sensualium Pictus, 

A World of Things Obvious to the 
Senses drawn in Pictures. 



Invitation. 



I. 



Invitatio. 




The Master and the Boy. 

M. r^ome, Boy, learn to 
. be wise. 

P. What doth this mean, 
to be wise ? 

M. To understand right- 



Magister 6^ Fuer, 

M. Weni, Puer, disce sa- 
pere. 
P. Quid hoc est, Sapere? 

M. Intelligere recte. 



ro 



to do rightly, and to speak 
out rightly all that are 
necessary. 

P. Who will teach me 
this? 

M. I, by God's help. 

P. How? 

M. I will guide thee 
thorow all. 

I will shew thee all. 

I will name thee all. 

P. See, here I am ; lead 
me in the name of God. 

M. Before all things, 
thou oughtest to learn the 
plain sounds^ of which 
man's speech consisteth; 
which living creatures 
know how to make, and 
thy Tongue knoweth how 
to imitate, and thy hand can 
picture out. 

Afterwards we will go 
into the World, and we will 
view all things. 

Here thou hast a lively 
and Vocal Alphabet. 



agere recte, et eloqui recte 
omnia necessaria. 

P. Quisdocebit mehoc? 

M. Ego, cum DEO. 

P. Quomodo ? 

M. Ducam te per 
omnia. 

Ostendam tibi omnia. 

Nominabo tibi omnia. 

P. En, adsum ; due me 
in nomine DEI. 

M. Ante omnia, debes 
discere simplices Sonos ex 
quibus Ser7?io humanus 
constat ; quos Animalia 
sciunt /ormare, & tua Lin- 
gua scit imitari, & tua 
Manus potest pingere. 



Postea ibimus Mundunty 
& spectabimus omnia. 

Hie habes vivum et vo- 
cale Alphabetum. 



rs; 






Comix cornicatur, 
The Crow crieth. 



a a 



Agnus balat, b ^ e e 

The Lamb blaiteth. 



CI CI 










Cicada stridet, 

The Grasshopper chirpeth. 

Upupa dicit, du du 

The Whoopp 00 S2i\th.. 



Infans ejulat, 
The Infant crieth. 



ee e 





Ventus flat, fi fi 

The Wind bloweth. 

Anser gingrit, ga ga 

The Goose gagleth. 

Os halat, h^'h ha'h 

The Mouth breatheth out. 



Mus mintrit, 

The J/^2^^^. chirpeth. 



> \ \ 

111 



Anas tetrinnit, kha, kha 
The Duck quaketh. 



A a 

Bb 

Cc 
D d 
E e 
Ff 

Gg 
Hh 

I i 
K k 




Lupus ululat, lu ulu 

The Wolf hovjlQih. 

[mum 

Ursus murmurat, mum- 

The Bear grumbleth. 



M m 



(4) 




Felis clamat, nau nau 

The Cat crieth. 




Auriga clamat, 
The Carter crieth. 



\ v > 








Pullus pipit, pi pi 

The Chicken peepeth. 

Cuculus cuculat, kuk ku 
The cuckow singeth. 



Canis ringitur, 
The dog grinneth. 

Serpens sibilat. 
The Serpent hisseth. 



err 



SI 



Graculus clamat, tac tac 
The yay crieth. 







Bubo ululat. 
The (9w/hooteth. 






Lepus vagit, va 

The Hare squeaketh. 



Rana coaxat, 

The Fros: croaketh. 



coax 



Asinus rudit, Y Y Y 

The Asse brayeth. 

Tabanus dicit, ds ds 

The Breeze or Hone-flie 
saith. 



N n^ 


Oo 


Pp 


Qq 


R r 


S s 


Tt 


U u. 


W w 


XxL 


Yy 


Zz 



<T0d 



(5) 
II. 



Deus. 




God is of himself from 
•everlasting to everlasting. 

A most perfect and a 
most blessed Being. 

In his Essence Spiritual, 
and One. 

In his Personality ^ThxQQ. 

In his Will, Holy, Just, 
Merciful and True. 

In his Power very great. 

In his Goodness^ very 
jgood. 

In his Wisdom^ unmeas- 
urable. 

A Light inaccessible ; 
»and yet all in all. 

Every where, and no 
where. 



Deus est ex seipso, ab 
aeterno in seternum. 

Perfectissimum &beatis- 
simum Ens. 

Essentia Spiritualis & 
unus. 

Eypostasi Trinus. 

Voluntate, Sanctus, Just- 
us, Clemens, Verax. 

Potentid maximus. 

Bonitate Optimus. 

Sapientid, immensus. 

Lux inaccessa; 
& tamen omnia in omni- 
bus. 

Ubique & nullibi. 



(6) 



The chiefest Good, and 
the only and inexhausted 
Fountain of all good 
things. 

As the Creator, so the 
Governour and Preserver of 
all things, which we call 
the World. 



Summum Bonum, et so- 
lus et inexhaustus Fons 
omnium Bonorum. 

Ut Creator, ita Guberna^ 
tor et Conservator omnium 
rerum,quas vocamus Mun- 
dum. 



The World. 



III. 



Mundus. 




The Heaven, i. 
hath Fire, and Stars. 

The Clouds, 2. 
hang in the Air. 

Birds, 3. 
fly under the Clouds. 

Fishes, 4. 
swim in the Water. 

The Earth hath Bills, 5. 
Woods, 6. Fields, 7. 
Beasts, 8. and Men, 9. 



Coelum, I. 
habet Ignem 6^ Stellas. 

Nubes, 2. 
pendent in ^^r^. 

^z/^j-, 3. 
volant sub nubibus. 

Pisces^ 4. 
natant in Aqua. 

Terra habet Monies, 5. 
Sylvas, 6. Campos, 7. 
Animalia^ 8. Homines, 9. 



(7 J 



Thus the greatest Bodies 
of the World, the four Ele- 
ments^ are full of iheir own 
Inhabitants. 



Ita maxima Corpora 
Mundi, quatuor Elementa, 
sunt plena Habitatoribus 
suis. 



The Heaven. 



IV. 



Coelum. 




The Heaven, i. 
is wheeled about, and 
encompasseth the Earth,2. 
standing in the middle. 

The Sun, 3. 
wheresoever it is, shineth 
perpetually, howsoever 
dark Clouds, 4. 
may take it from us ; 
and causeth by his Rays, 5. 
Light, and the 
Light, Day^ 

On the other side, over 
against it, is Darkness, 6. 
and thence Night, 



Cesium, I. 
rotatur, & 
ambit Terr am, 2. 
stantem in medio. 

Sol, 3. 
ubi ubi est, fulget 
perpetuo, ut ut densa 
Nubila, 4. 

eripiant eum a nobis; 
facitque suis Radiis, 5. 
Lucem, Lux Diem. 

Ex opposite, sunt Tene- 
hrce, 6. inde Nox, 



rs; 



In the Night 
shineth the Moon, 7. 
and the Stars, 8. 
glister and twinkle. 

In the Evening, 9. 
is Twilight: 

In the Morning, 10. 
the breaking, and 
dawning of the Day. 



Nocte 
splendet Luna, 7. 
& Stellce, 8. 
micant, scintillant. 

Vesperi, 9. 
est Crepusculum: 

Mane Aurora, 10. 
& Diluculum. 



Fire. 



V. 



Ignis. 




The i^/r^gloweth, burn- 
eth and consumeth to 
ashes. 

A spark of it struck out 
of a Flint (or Firestone), 2. 
by means of a Steel, 1. 
and taken by Tynder in 
a Tynder -box, 3. 
lighteth a Match, 4. 
and after that a Candle^ 5. 



Ignis ardet, 
urit, cremat. 

Scintilla ejus elisa 
e Silice, (Pyrite) 2. 
Ope Chalybis, 1. 
et excepta a Foviite 
in Suscitabulo, 3. 
accendit Sulphuratum, 4. 
et inde Candelam, 5. 



C9) 



or s/ick, 6. 

and causeth 2Lj^ame, 7. 

or Maze, 8. 

which catcheth hold of 

the Houses. 

Smoak^ 9. 
ascendeth therefrom, 
which, sticking to the 
Chimney^ 10. 
turneth into Soot. 

Of a Fire-brandy 
(or burning stick) 
is made a Brandy 1 1. 
(or quenched stick). 

Of a hot Coal 
(red hot piece 
of a Fire-brand) 
is made a Coal^ 12. 
(or a dead Cinder) . 

That which remaineth, 
is at last Ashes ^ 13. 
and Embers (or hot Ashes). 



vel Lignum^ 6. 

et excitat Flammam^ 7. 

vel Incendium^ 8. 

quod corripit 

iE dificia. 

FumuSy 9. 
ascendit inde, 
qui, adhaerans 
CaminOy 10. 
abit in Fuliginem. 

Ex Torre, 
(ligno ardente,) 
fit y//?^, II. 
(lignum extinctum.) 

Ex Pruna, 
(candente particula 
Torris,) 
fit Car bo y 12. 
{Particula mortua.) 

Quod remanet, 
tandem est Cinis, 13. 
& Favilla (ardens Cinis.) 




Aer. 



A cool Airy i. 
breatheth gently. 

The IVind^ 2. 
bloweth strongly. 

A Storm, 3. 
throweth down Trees. 

A Whirl-wi7id, 4. 
turneth it self in a round 
compass. 

A Wind under Groundy^. 
causeth an Earthquake. 

An Earthquake causeth 
gapings of the Earth, 
(and falls of Houses.) 6. 



Aura^ 1. 
spirat leniter. 

Vent us y 2. 
flat valide. 

Procella, 3. 
sternit xlrbores. 

Turbo, 4. 
agit se in gyrum. 

Ventus subterraneus^ 5. 
excitat TerrcB motum. 

Terrae motus facit 
Labes (& ruinas.) 6. 



The Water. 



VII. 



Aqua. 




The Water springeth 
out of a Fountain^ i. 
fioweth downwards 
in a Brook^ 2. 
runneth in a Beck^ 3. 
standeth in a Fondy 4. 
glideth in a Stream^ 5. 
is whirled about 
in a Whirl-pity 6. 
and causeth Fens^ 7. 

The Fiver hath Banks^ 8. 

The -S'^amaketh Shores^g. 
BaySy 10, CapeSy 11. 
IslandSy 12. Almost Islands^ 
13. Necks of Landy 14. 
Straights y 15. 
and hath in it FockSy 16. 



Aqua scatet 
e FontCy i. 
defluit 

in Tor rente, 2. 
manat in -R/w, 3. 
Stat in Stagno, 4. 
fluit in Flumine, 5. 
gyratur 
in Vortice, 6. 
& facit FaludeSy 7. 

Flumen habet Fipas. 

Mare facit LittorUy 9. 
Sinus, 10. Fromontoriay 11 
InsulaSy 12. FeninsulaSy 13. 
IsthmoSy 14. 
Freta, 15. 
& habet Scopulos, 16. 



The Clouds. 



ri2; 

VIII. 



Nubes. 




A Vapour^ i. ascendeth 
from the Water. 

From it a Cloudy 2. 
is made, and a white Mist^ 
3. near the Earth. 

Rain^ 4. 
and a small Shower distil- 
leth out of a Cloudy drop 
by drop. 

Which being frozen, is 
Hail^ 5. half frozen is Snow^ 
6. being warm is Mel-dew, 

In a rainy Cloud, 
set over against the Sun 
the Rainbow^ 7. appeareth. 

A drop falling into the 
water maketh a Bubble^ 8. 
many Bubbles make 
froth, 9. 

Frozen Water is called 
Ice^ 10. 
Dew congealed, 



Vapor ^ I. ascendit ex 
Aqua. 

Inde Nubes, 2. 
fit, et Nebula, 3. 
prope terram. 

Pluvia, 4. 
et Imber, 
still at e Nube, 
guttatim. 

Quae gelata, Grando, 5. 
semigelata, Nix, 6. 
calefacta, Rubigo est. 

In nubepluviosa, oppo- 
sita soli Iris, 7. apparet. 

6^z^^/aincidens in aquam, 
facit Bullam, 8. 
multae Bullce faciunt 
spumam, 9. 

Aqua congelata 
Glacies, 10. 
Ros congelatus. 



ri3 ; 



is called a white Frost. 
Thunder is made of a 
brimstone-like vapour^ 
which breaking out of a 
Cloud, with Lightning^ ii. 
thundereth and striketh 
with lightning. 



dicitur Fruina. 
Tonitru fit ex 
Vapor e sulphureo, 
quod erumpens e Nube 
cum Fulgure, ii, 
tonat & fulminat. 



The Earth. 



IX. 



Terra. 




In the Earth are 
high Mountains y i. 
Deep Vallies, 2. 
Hills rising, 3. 
Hollow Caves, 4. 
Plain Fields, 5. 
Shady Woods, 6. 



In Terra sunt 
Alti Montes, 1. 
Profundae voiles, 2. 
Elevati CoUes, 3. 
cavae Speluncae, 4. 
Plani campiy 5. 
Opacae Sylvae, 6. 



The Fruits of the Earth. X. 



Terrae Foetus. 







A meadow, i. yieldeth 
grass with Flowers and 
Herbs, which being cut 
down, are made Hay, 2. 

K Field, 3. yieldeth Corn, 
and Pot herbs, 4. 

Mushrooms, 5. 
Straw-berries, 6. 
"Myrtle-trees, &c. 
^^^;w<r z^/ in Woods. 

Metals, Stones, and J/m- 
grow MWf^^r //^<? earth. 



Pratum, i. fert Gramina^ 

cum Floribus & Herb is 
quae defecta 
fiunt FcEnum, 2. 

Arvum, 3. fert Fruges, 
& 01 era, 4. 
i^MW^e, 5. 
Frag a, 6. 
Myrtxlli, &c. 
Proveniunt in Sylvis. 

Metalla, Lapides, 
Mineralia, 
nascuntur sub terra. 



Metals. 



(IS J 
XI. 



Metalla. 




Lead^ i, 
is soft, and heavy. 

Iron^ 2. is hard, 
and Steely 3. harder. 

They make Tankards 
(or Cans)^ 4. of Tin. 
Kettles., 5. of Copper., 
Candlesticks., 6. of Latin, 
D oilers., 7. of Silver., 
Ducats and Crown-pieces., 8. 
Quick-silver is always li- 
quid, and eateth thorow 
Metah of Gold. 



Plu7nbu7?i, I. 
est molle & grave. 

Ferrum., 2. est durum, 
& Caiybs, 3. durior. 

Faciunt Cantharos^/\, 
e St anno. 

Ahena., 5, e Cupro., 

Candelabra .,6. ex OrichalcOy 

Thaler 08, 7. ex Argento, 

Scutatos et Coronatos, 8. 

Ex, Auro. 

Argentum Vivum, semper 
liquet, & corrodit Metalla. 



Stones. 



Lapides. 




Sand^ 1. and Gravel, 2. 
is Stone broken into bits. 

A great Stone, 3. 
is a piece of 
a Jiock (or Crag) 4. 

A Whetstone, 5. 
a Flint, 6. a Marble, 7. &c. 
are ordinary Stones. 

A Load-stone, 8. 
draweth Iron to it. 

Jewels, 9. 
are clear Stones, as 

The Diamond white, 

The Ruby red, 

The Sapphire blue, 

The Emerald green, 

The Jacinth yellow, &c. 
And they glister 
being cut into corners. 

Pearls and Unions^ 10. 
grow in Shell-fish. 



Arena, i. & Sabulum, 2. 
est Lapis comminutus. 

Saxum, 3. 
est pars 
FetrcB (Cautis) 4. 

Cos, 5. 

SileXy 6. Af armor, 7. &c. 
sunt obscuri Lapides. 

M agues, 8. 
adtrahit ferrum. 

Gemmce, 9. 
sunt pellucidi Lapilli, ut 
Adamas candidus, 
Rubinus rubeus, 
Sapphirus caeruleus, 
S?naragdus viridis, 
Hyacynthus luteus, &c. 
et micant 
angulati. 

Margarit(^h. Uniones^ 10.. 
crescunt in Conchis. 



r 17) 



Corals^ II, 
in a Sea-shrub. 

Amber ^ 12. is gathered 
from the Sea. 

Glass^ 13. is like 
Chrystal. 



Corallia, 11. 
in Marina arbuscula. 

Succiiiuin^ 12. colligitur 
e mari. 

Vitrum, 13. simile est 
Chry stall o. 



Tree. 



XIII. 



Arbor. 




A Plants 1 . groweth 
from a Seed. 

A plant waxeth to a 
Shoot ^ 2. 

A Shoot to a Tree^ 3 . 

The i?^<?/, 4. 
beareth up the Tree. 

The Body or *$■/<?;??, 5. 
riseth from the Root. 

The Stem divideth it self 
into Boughs^ 6. 
and green Branches^ 7. 
made of Leaves^ 8. 
D 



Planta^ i. procrescit 
e Semine. 

Planta abit 
in Fruticem^ 2. 

Frutex in Arbor em ^ 3. 

Radix ^ 4. 
Sustentat arborem. 

Stirps {Stemma) 5. 
Surgit e radice. 

Stirps se dividit 
in Ramos, 6. 
& Frondes, 7. 
factas e Foliis, 8. 



(iSJ 



The fop, 9. 
is in the height. 

The Stock, 10. 
is close to the roots. 

A Log, II. 
is the body fell'd down 
without Boughs; having 
Bark and Rind, 12. 
Pith and Hea rt, 13. 

Bird-lime, 14. 
groweth upon the boughs, 
which also sweat 
Gumm, 
Rosin, 
Pitch, &c. 



Cacumen, 9. 
est in summo. 

Tr uncus, 10. 
adhaerat radicibus. 

Caudex, 11. 
est Stipes dejectus, 
sine ramis; habens Cor- 
tic em & Librum, 12. 
pulpam & medullam, 13. 

Vis cum, 14. 
adnascitur ramis^ 
qui etiam sudant, 
Gummi, 
Resinam, 
Pic em, &c. 



Fruits of Trees. 



XIV. 



Fructus Arborum. 




Fruits that have no 
shells are pull'd from 
fruit-bearing trees. 

Th.Q Apple, I. is round. 



Poma 
decerpuntur, 
a fructiferis arboribus. 

Malum^ I. est rotundum. 



C^9) 



The P/rar, 2. and J^t'gy 3. 
are something long. 

The Cherry^ 4. 
hangeth by a long start. 

The Plumb^ 5. 
and Peachy 6. 
by a shorter. 

The Mulberry^ 7. 
by a very short one. 

The Wall-nut^ 8. 
the Hazel-nut^ 9. 
and Chest-nut^ 10. 
are wrapped in a ^«j-^ 
and a Shell, 

Barren trees are 11. 
The Firr, the Alder, 
The Birch, the Cypress, 
The Beech, the ^xA, 
The Sallow, the Linden-tree, 
.&c., but most of them af- 
fording shade. 

But the Juniper, 12. 
and Bay-tree, 13. yield 
Berries. 

The /'/w<?, \d^. Pine-apples. 

The C?^>^, 15. 
Acorns and Galls, 



Pyrum, 2. & Ficus, 3. 
sunt oblonga. 

Cerasum, 4. 
pendet longo Pediolo, 

Prunum, 5. 
& Persicum, 6. 
breviori. 

Morum, 7. 
brevissimo. 

iVz^jc yuglans, 8. 
Avellana, 9. 
& Castanea, 10. 
involuta sunt Cortici 
& Putamini. 

Steriles arbores sunt 11. 
Abies, Alnus, 
Betula, Cupressus, 
Fagus, Fraxinus, 
Salix, Tilia, &c. 
sed plerseque umbriferse. 

At Juniper us, 12. 
& Laurus, 13. ferunt 
B ace as. 

Pinus, 14. Strobilos. 

Quercus, 15. 
Glandes & Gallas. 






Flowers. 




Flores.- 



Amongst the Flowers 
the most noted, 

In the beginning of 
the Spring are the 
Violet^ I. the Crow-toes^ 2. 
the Daffodil^ 3. 

Then the Lillies, 4. 
white and yellow 
and blew, 5. 
and the jRose^ 6. 
and the C I ove-gilli flowers^ 7, 
&c. 

Of these Garlands^ 8. 
and Nosegays^ 9. are 
tyed round with twigs. 

There are added also 
sweet herbs ^ 10. 
as Marjoram^ 
Flower gentle^ Rue, 
Lavender, 
Rosemary. 



Inter flores 
notissimi, 
Primo vere, 

Viola, 1. Hyacinthus,z. 
Narcissus, 3. 

Turn Lilia, 4. 
alba & lutea, 
& coerulea, 5. 
tandem Rosa, 6. 
& Caryophillum, 7. &c. 

Ex his Serta, 8. 
& Service, 9. 
vientur. 

Adduntur etiam 
Herb (2. odor a tee, 1 o. 

ut Amaracus, 
Amaranthus, Ruta, 
Lavendula, 
Rosmarinus, (Libanotis). 



r2i; 



-Hysop, Spike, 


Hy passu s, Nard, 


Basil, Sage, 


Ocymum^ Salvia, 


Mints, &c. 


Menta, &c. 


Amongst Field-flowers, 


Inter Campestres 


II. the most noted are 


Flores, 11. notissimi sunt 


the May-lillie, 


Lilium Convallium, 


Germander, the Blew-Bottle, 


Chamcedrys, Cyanus, 


Chamomel, &c. 


Chafnoemelum, &c. 


And amongst Herbs, 


Et Herbae, 


Trefoil, 


Cytisus (Trifolium) 


Wormwood, Sorrel, 


Absinthium, Acetosa, 


the Nettle, &c. 


Urtica, &c. 


The Tulip, 12. 


Tulipa, 12. 


is the grace of flowers, 


est decus Florum, 


but aff"ording no smell. 


sed expers odoris. 



Potherbs. 



XVI. 



Olera. 




Pot-herbs 
grow in Gardens, 
as Lettice, i. 
Co lew or t, 2. 
-Onions, 3. 



Olera 
nascuntur in hortis, 
ut Lactuca, i. 
Br as sic a, 2. 
Cepa, 3. 



(22) 



Garlicky 4. Gourde 5. 
The Parsnep, 6. 
The Turnep, 7. 
The Radish^ 8. 
Horse-radish, 9. 
Par sly, 10. 
Cucumbers, 1 1 . 
and Pompions, 12. 



Allium, 4. Cucurbita, 5. 
Siser, 6. 
Rap a, 7. 

Raphanus minor, 8. 
Raphanus major, 9. 
Petroselinum, 10. 
Cucumeres, 1 1 . 
Pepones, 12, 



Corn. 



XVII. 



Fruges. 




Some G?r;^ grows upon 
a straw, 

parted by /^^(^/i-, 
as Wheat, i. 
i?/V, 2, Barley, 3. 
in which the ^^r hath 
awnes, or else it is without 
awnes, and it nourisheth 
the C<?r« in the Husk, 

Some instead of an ear, 
have a r/>^;w (or plume) 
containing the corn by 
bunches,as Oats, 4. Millet,^. 
Turkey -wheat, 6. 



Frumenta quaedam ere- 
scunt super culmum, 
distinctum geniculis, 
ut, Triticum, i. 
Siligo, 2. Hordeum, 3. 
in quibus 6)^/Va habet 
Aristas, aut est mutica, fo- 
vetque grana in gluma. 

Quaedam pro Spica, 
habent Paniculam, conti- 
nentem grana fasciatim, 
ut, Avena, 4. Milium, 5. 
Frumentum Saracenicum^ 6, 



(^3) 



Pulse have Cods^ 

which enclose the corns 

in two Shales, 

as Pease, 7. 

Beans, 8. Vetches, 9. and 

those that are less than 

these Lentils and Urles (or 

Tares). 



Legumina habent Siliquas^ 

quae includunt grana 

valvulis, 

ut, Pisum, 7. 

Fabce, 8. Vicia, 9. 

& minores his 

Lentes & Cicera. 



Shrubs. 



XVIII. 



Frutices. 




A plant being greater, 
and harder than an herb, 
is called a Shrub : 
such as are 

In Banks and Ponds, 
the Rush, i . 
the Bulrush, 2. 
or Cane without knots 
bearing Cats-tails, 
and the Reed, 3. 
which is knotty and hol- 
low within. 

Elsewhere, 4. 



Planta major 
& durior herba, 
dicitur Frutex : 
ut sunt 

In ripis & stagnis, 
Juncus, I. 
Scirpus, 2. 
[Canna] enodis 
ferens Typhos, 
& Arundo, 3. 
nodosa et cava 
intus. 

Alibi, 4. 



(^4) 



the J?ose, 

the Bastard-Corinths^ 

the Elder^ the Ju?iiper. 

Also the Vine^ 5. which 
putteth forth branches^ 6. 
and these tendrels^ 7. 
Vine-leaves^ 8. 

and Bunches of grapes, 9. 
on the stock whereof 
hang Grapes^ 
which contain Grape-stones. 



Rosa., 

Ribes, 

Sa?}ibuczi.s, 'J^tmiperus^ 

Item F/V/i-, 5. 
quae emittit Pahnites, 6. 
et hi Capreolos^ 7. 
PafHpinos, 8. 
et Racemos, 9. 
quorum Scapo 
pendent C/z;*^, 
continentes Acinos. 



XIX, 

Living-Creatures: and First, Birds. 




Animalia : & primum. Aves. 



A living Crea /// r <? 1 i v e t h , 
perceiveth, moveth itself; 
is born, dieth, 
is nourished, 
and groweth : standeth, 
or sitteth, or lieth, 
or goeth. 



Afiimal vivit, 
sentit, movet se; 
nascitur, moritur, 
nutritur, 
& crescit ; stat, 
aut sedet, aut cubat, 
aut graditur. 



( n) 



A Btrd^ {Fisher, i. 


Avis, (hie Halcyon, 1. 




here the King's making 


in mari nidulans.) 




her nest in the Sea.) 






is covered with Feathers^z. 


tegitur PliLmis, 2, 




flyeth with Wings, 3. 


volat Pennis, 3. 




hath two Pinions, 4. 


habet duas ^/^i-, 4. 




as many Feet, 5. 


totidem Pedes, 5. 




a Tail, 6. 


Caudain, 6. 




and a Bill, 7. 


& Rostrum, 7. 




The Shee, 8. layeth E^gs, 


FcBjnella, Z . p07tit 0^2^, 


10. 


10. in a nest, 9. 


in nido, 9. 




and sitting upon them, 


et incubans iis, 




hatcheth you?ig ones, 1 1 . 


excludit Pullos, 11. 




An Fgg is cover'd 


Ovum tegitur 




with a Shell, 12. 


/^^/<a;, 12. 




under which is 


sub qua est 




the White, 13. 


Albumen, 1 3 . 




in this the Yolk, 14. 


in hoc Vitellus, 14. 





Tame Fowls. 



XX. 



Aves Domesticae. 




The Cock, I (which 
crowetti in the Morning.) 



Gallus, ) . 
(qui caniat mane.) 



( 

hath a Comb, 2. 

and Spurs, 3. 

being gelded, he is called 

a Capon, and is crammed 

in a Coop, 4. 

A ZT^;?, 5, 
scrapeth the Dunghil, 
and picketh up Corns: 
as also the Pigeons, 6. 
(which are brought up in 
a Pigeon-house, 7.) 
and the Turkey-cock, 8. 
with his Turkey-hen, 9. 

The gay Peacock, 10. 
prideth in his Feathers. 

The Stork, 1 1. 
buildeth her nest 
on the top of the House, 

The Swallow, 12. 
the Sparrow, 13. 
the Mag-pie, 14. 
the Jackdaw, 15. 
and the Bat, 16. 
(or Flettermouse) 
use to flie about Houses. 



26 ) 

habet Cristam^ 2. 
& Calcaria, 3. 
castratus dicitur 
Capo & saginatur 
in Ornithotrophico, 4. 

Gallina, 5. 
ruspatur _;^OT<?/?/7;?, 
& colligit grana : 
sicut & Columbce, 6, 
(quae educantur in Colum- 
bario, 7.) 
& Gallopavus, 8. 
cum sua Meleagride, 9. 

Formosus Pavo, 10. 
superbit pennis. 

Ciconia, 1 1 . 
nidificat 
in tecto. 

Mirundo, 12. 
Passer, 13. 
jPzV(2, 14. 
Monedula, 15. 
& Vespertilio, 16. 
(Mus alatus) 
volitant circa Domus. 



Singing-Birds. 



Oscines. 




The Nightingale i. sing- 
eth the sweetlyest of all. 

The Lark^ 2. singeth 
as she flyeth in the Air. 

The Quail e 3. 
sitting on the ground; 
others on the boughs of 
trees, 4. as the Canary-bird^ 
the Chaffinch^ 
the Goldfinch^ 
the Siskin^ 
the Linnet^ 
the little Titmouse^ 
the Wood-wall^ 
the Robin-red-breast^ 
the Hedge-sparrow^ &c. 

The party colour'd Par- 
ret^ 5. the Black-bird^ 6. 
the Stare e 7. 
with the Mag-pie 
and the J^ay^ learn 



Luscinia {Philomela^ i. 
cantatsuavissime omnium. 

Alauda, 2. cantillat 
volitans in aere; 

Coturnix, 3. 
sedens humi; 

Caeterse, in ramis arbor- 
um, 4. ut Luteola peregrina. 
Fringilla^ 
Carduelis^ 
A c ant hi s^ 
Linaria^ 
parvus Farus, 
Galgulus^ 
Rubecula^ 
Curruca^ &c. 

Discolor PsitiacuSy 5. 
Merula, 6. 
Sturnus^ 7. 
cum Pica, 
& Monedula^ discunt 



(2Z) 



to frame men's words. 

A great many are wont 
to be shut in Cages, 8. 



humanas voces formare 

Pleraeque solent 
includi Caveis, 8, 



XXII. 

Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods. 




Aves Campestres & Sylvestres. 



The Ostrich, i. 
is the greatest Bird. 

The Wren, 2. 
is the least. 

The Owl, 3. 
is the most despicable. 

The IVTioopoo, 4. 
is the most nasty, 
for it eateth dung. 

The Bird of Paradise, 5. 
is very rare. 

The Pheasant, 6. 
the Bustard, 7. 



Struthio, I. 
ales est maximus. 

Regulus, 2. (Trochilus) 
minimus. 

Noctiia, 3. 
despicatissimus. 

Upupa, 4. 
sordidssimus, 
vesciturenim stercoribus. 

Manucodiata, 5. 
rarissimus. 

Phasianus, 6. 
Tarda (Otis), 7. 



(^9) 



the deaf wild Peacock, 8. 
the Moor-hen, 9. 
the Paririge, 10. 
the Woodcock, 1 1 . 
and the Thrush, 12. 
are counted Dainties. 

Among the rest, 
the best are, 
the watchful Crane, 13. 
the mournful Turtle, 14. 
the Cuckow, 15. 
the Stock-dove, 
the Speight, the yay, 
the Crow, &c., 16. 



surdus, Tetrao, 8. 

At tag en, 9. 

Perdix, 10. 

GalUnago (Rusticola), 11 

& Turdus, 12, 

habentur in deliciis. 

Inter reliquas, 
potissimse sunt, 
Grus, 13. pervigil. 
Turtur, 14. gemens. 
Cuculus, 15. 
Palumbes, 
Picus, Garrulus, 
Comix, &c., 16. 



Ravenous Birds. 



XXIII. 



Aves Rapaces. 




The Eagle, 1 . 
the King of Birds 
looketh upon the Sun, 

The Vulture, 2. 
and the Raven, 3. 



Aquila, i. 
Rex Avium, 
intuetur Solem. 

Vultur, 2. 
& Corvus^ 3. 



(5°) 



feed upon Carrion. 

The Kite^ 4. pursueth 
Chickens. 

The Falcon^ 5 . 
the Hobbie^ 6. 
and the Hawk, 7. 
catch at little Birds. 

The Gerfalcon, 8. catch- 
eth Pigeons and greater 
Birds. 



pascuntur morticinis^ 
[cadaveribus.] 

Milvusy 4. insectatur 
pullos gallinaceos. 

Falco, 5, 
Nisus, 6. 
& Accipiter, 7. 
captant aviculas. 

Astur, 8. captat 
columbas & aves majores. 



Water-Fowl. 



XXIV. 



Aves Aquaticae. 




The white Swan, i. 
the Goose, 2. 
and the Duck, 3. 
swim up and down. 

The Cormorant, 4, 
diveth. 

And to these the water- 
hen,and the Pelican, &c.,io. 



Oler, 1. candidus, 
Anser, 2. 
& Anas, 3. 
natant. 

Mergus, 4. 
se mergit. 

Adde his Fulicam, 
Pelecanum, &c., 10. 



rsi; 



The Osprey, 5. 
-and the Sea-mew, 6. 
flying downwards 
use to catch Fish, 
but the Heron, 7. 
standing on the Banks. 

The Bittern, 8, putteth 
his Bill in the water, and 
belloweth like an Ox. 

The Water -wagtail, 9. 
waggeth the tail. 



HaliceetuSi 5. 
& Gavia, 6. 
devolantes, 
captant pisces, 
sed Ardea, 7. 
stans in ripis. 

Butio, 8. 
inferit rostrum aquae, 
& mugit ut bos. 

Motacilla, 9. 
motat caudam. 



Flying Vermin. 



XXV. 



Insecta volantia. 




The Bee, 1 . maketh honey 
which the Drone,2. devour- 
eth. The Wasp, 3. 
and the Hornet, 4. 
molest with a sting; 
and the Gad- Bee 
(or Breese), 5. 
especially Cattel\ 



Apis, 1. facit mel 
quod Fucus, 2. depascit 

Vespa, 3. 
& Crabro, 4. 
infestant oculeo ; 
& Oestrum 
(Asilus), 5. 
imprimis /^^«j. 



( z^ ) 



but the Fly^ 6. 
and the Gnat^ 7. us. 

The Cricket, 8. singeth. 

The B utter fiy\ 9. is a 
winged Caterpillar. 

The Beetle^ 10. covereth 
her wings with Cases. 

The Glow-worf?i, 11. 
shineth by night. 



autem Musca^ 6. 
& Ctilex, 7. nos. 

Gryllus, 8. catitillat. 

Fapillio, 9. est 
alata Eruca. 

ScarabcEus^ 10. tegit 
alas vagi?iis. 

Cicindela [Lampyris], 11, 
nitet noctu. 



XXVI. 

Four-Footed Beasts : and First those about the 

House. 




Quadrupeda : & primum Domestica. 



The Dog, 1. 
with the Whelp, 2. 
is keeper of the House. 

The Cat, 3. 



Cams, I. 
cum Catello, 2. 
est custos Domiis. 

Fells (Catus) 3. 



(33) 



riddeth the House 

of Mice, 4. 
which also a 
Mouse-trap^ 5. doth, 

A Squirrel^ 6. 
The Ape, 7. 
and the Monkey, 8. 
are kept at home 
for delight. 

The Dormouse, 9. and 
other greater Mice, 10. 
as, the Weesel, the Marten, 
and the Ferret, 
trouble the House, 



purgat domum 
a Muribus, 4. 
quod etiam 
Muscipula, 5. facit. 

Sciurus, 6. 
Simla, 7. 

& Cercopithecus, 8. 
habentur domi 
delectamento. 

Glis, 9. & 
caeteri Mures majores, 10. 
ut, Mustela, Martes, 
Viverra, 
infestant domum. 



Herd-Cattle. 



xxvn. 



Pecora. 




The Bidl, 1. the Cow, 2. 
and the Calf, 3. 
are covered with hair. 

The Ra7n, the Weather, 4. 
\\\QEwe,^. and the Lamb, 6. 
bear wool. 

E 



Taurus, 1. Vacca, 2. 
& Vltulus, 3. 
teguntur pilis. 

Aries, Vervex, 4. 
Ovls, 5. cum Agno, 6. 
gestant lanam. 



(3^) 



The He-goat^ the Gelt- 
goat, 7. 

with the She'goat, 8. 
and Kid^ 9. have 
shag-hat?' and beards. 

The ^c?^, the Sow^ 10. 
and the Figs^ \ 1. 
have bristles, 
but not horns \ 
but also cloven feet 
as those others (have.) 



Hircus, Caper, 7. 

cum Capra, 8. 

& Hoedo, 9. habent. 

Villos & ar uncos. 

Porcus, Scrofa, 10. 
cum P orceins, 1 1. 
habent Setas, 
at non Cornua j 
sed etiam Ungulas bisulcas 
ut ilia. 



Labouring- Beasts. 



XXVIII. 




The ^i^i", I. 
and the Mule, 2. 
carry burthens. 

The Horse, 3. 
(which a Mane, 4. grac- 
eth) carryeth us. 

The Camel, 5. 
carryeth the Merchant 
with his Ware. 



Asinus, I. 
& Mulus, 2. 
gestant Onera. 

Equus, 3. 
(quam Juba, 4. ornat) 
gestat nos ipsos. 

CameluSy 5. 
gestat Mercatorera 
cum mercibus suis. 



C35) 



"The Elephant^ 6. 
draweth his meat to him | 
with his Trunks 7. 

He hath two Teeth, 8. 
standing out, 
and is able to carry 
full thirty men. 



Elephas, (Barrus) 6. 
attrahit pabulum 
Proboscide, 7. 

Habet duos denies^ 8. 
prominentes, 
& potest portare 
etiam triginta viros. 



Wild-Cattle. 



XXIX. 



Ferae Pecudes. 




The^2#, 1. 
and the Buffal, 2. 
are wild Bulls. 

The Elke, 3. 
being bigger than an 
Horse (whose back is im- 
penetrable) hath knaggy 
horns as also xSx^Hart, 4. 

but the Roe, 5. and 
the Hind-calf, 2i\nio?>t none. 

The Stone-back, 6. 
huge great ones. 

The Wild-goat, 7. 
hath very little ones, 
by which she hangeth 
her self on a Rock. 



Urus, I. 
& Bubalus, 2. 
sunt feri Boves. 

Alces, 3. 
major equo 

(cujustergusest impene- 
trabilis) habet ramosacor- 
nua; ut & Cervus, 4. 

Sed Caprea, 5. 
cum Hinnulo, fere nulla. 

Capricornus, 6. 
praegrandia; 

Rupicapra, 7. 
minuta, 

quibus suspendit 
se ad rupem. 



( if' ) 



The Unicorn^ 8, 
hath but one, 
but that a precious one. 

The Boar^ 9. assail- 
eth one with his tushes. 

The Hare^ 10. is fearful. 

The Co7iy^ 11. 
diggeth the Earth. 

As also the Mole, 12. 
which maketh hillocks. 



Monoceros^ 8. 
habet unum, 
sed pretiosum. 

Aper^ 9. 
grassatur dentibus. 

Lepus, 10. pavet. 

Cuniculus^ T I . 
perfodit ter7'am j 

Ut & Talpa, 12. 
quae facit grumos. 



Wild-Beasts. 



XXX. 



Ferae Besitae. 




Wild Beasts 
have sharp paws, and 
teeth, and are flesh eaters. 

As the Lyon, 1. 
the King of four-footed 
Beasts, having a mane; 
with the Lioness. 

The spotted Panther, 2. 



Bestice 
habent acutos ungues, & 
dentes,suntque carnivorae, 

Ut Leo, 1 . 
Rex quadrupedum, 
jubatus ; 
cum LecBnd. 

Maculosus, Pardo (Pan- 
thera) 2. 



($7) 



The Tyger, 3. 
the cruellest of all. 

The Shaggy Bear, 4. 

The ravenous Wolf, 5. 

The quick sighted Ounce, 
6. The tayled fox, 7. 
the craftiest of all. 

The Hedge-hog, 8. 
is prickly. 

The Badger, 9. 
delighteth in holes. 



Tygris, 3. 
immanissima omnium. 

Villosus Ursus, 4. 

Rapax Lupus, 5. 

Lynx, 6. visu pollens, 

Caudata Vulpes, 7. 
astutissima omnium. 

Mrinaceus, 8. 
est aculeatus. 

Melts, 9. 
gaudet latebris. 



XXXI. 

Serpents and Creeping things. 




Serpentes & Reptilia. 



W Snakes creep 

by winding themselves; 

The Adder, i. 
in the wood; 

The Water-snake, 2. 
in the water; 

The Viper, 3. 
amongst great stones. 



Angues repunt 
sinuando se; 

Coluber, i. 
in Sylva; 

Natrix, (hydra) 2. 
in Aqua; 

Viper a, 3. 
in saxis; 



rss; 



The Asp, 4. in the fields. 

The ^^a,(or Mild-snake) 
5. in Houses. 

The Slow-worm, 6. 
is blind. 

The Lizzard, 7. 
and the Salamander, 8. 
(that liveth long in fire) 
have feet. 

The Dragon, 9. 
a winged Serpent, 
killeth with his Breath. 

The Basilisk, 10. 
with his Eyes ; 

And the Scorpion, 11. 
with his poysonous tail. 



Aspis, 4,in campis» 

Boa, 5. 
in Domibus. 

Ccecilia, 6. 
est coeca. 

Lacerta, 7. 

Sala7?iandra, 8, 
(in igne vivax,) habent 
pedes. 

Draco, 9. 
Serpens alatus, 
necat halitu. 

Basiliscus, 10. 
Oculis; 

Scorpio, 1 1 . 
venenata cauda. 



Crawling- Vermin. XXXII. Insecta repentia. 




Worms ^TidiVf things. \ Vermes, rodnnt res. 



(39J 



The Earth-worm^ i. 
the Earth. 

The Caterpillar^ 2. 
the Plant. 

The Grashopper^ 3. 
the Fruits. 

The Mite^ 4. the Corn. 

The Timber-worm^ 5. 
Wood. 

The Moth^ 6. a garment. 

The Book-worm^ 7. 
a Book. 

Maggots^ 8. 
Flesh and Cheese. 

Hand-worms y the Hair. 

The skipping Flea^ 9. 
the Loivse, 10. 
and the stinking 
Wall-louse^ 11. bite us. 

The 7>'>^(?, 12. 
is a blood-sucker. 

The Silk-worm^ 13. 
maketh silk. 

The Pismire^ 14. 
is painful. 

The Spider^ 15. 
weaveth a Cobweb, 
nets for flies. 

The Snail, 16. carri- 
eth about her Snail-horn. 



Lumbriciis, t, 
terram. 

Eruca, 2. 
plantam. 

Cicada, 3. 
Fruges. 

Circulio, 4. Frumenta. 

Teredo, (cossis) 5. 
Ligna. 

Tinea, 6. vestem. 

Blatta, 7. 
Librum. 

Termites, 8. 
carnem & caseum. 

Acari, Capillum. 

Saltans Pitlex, 9. 
Pedi cuius, 10. 
foetans Cimex, 1 1. 
mordent nos. 

Ricinus, 12. 
sanguisugus est. 

Bombyx, 13. 
facit sericum. 

Formica, 14. 
est laboriosa. 

Aranea, 15. 
texit Araneum, 
retia muscis. 

Cochlea, 16. 
circumfert testam. 



( Ao) 
XXXIII. 

Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land. 




Amphibia. 



Creatures that live by 
land and by water, are 

The Crocodile^ i. 
a cruel and preying Beast 
of the River Nilus ; 

The Castor or Beaver, 2. 
having feet like a Goose, 
and a scaly tail to swim. 

The Otter, 3. 

The croaking Frog, 4. 
with the Toad. 

The Tortoise, 5. 
covered above and be- 
neath with shells, 
as with a target. 



Viventia 
in terra & aqua, sunt 

Crocodilus, 1. 
immanis & praedatrix bes- 
tia Nili fluminis ; 

Castor^ (Fiber) 2. 
habens pedes anserinos 
& squameam Caudam 
ad natandum. 

Lutra, 3. 
& coaxans Rana, 4. 
cum Bufo?te. 

Testudo, 5. 
Operta & infra, 
testis, 
ceu scuto. 



(41 ) 



XXXIV. 
River Fish and Pond Fish. 




Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres. 



A Fish hath Fins, i . 
with which it swimmeth, 
and Gills, 2. 

by which it taketh breath, 
and Prickles 

instead of bones: besides 
the Male hath a Milt, 
and the Fe?nale a Row. 

Some have Scales. • 
as the Carp, 3. 
and the Luce or Fike, 4. 

Some are sleek 
as the Eel, 5. 
and the La?nprey, 6. 

The Sturgeon, 7. 
having a sharp snout, 
groweth beyond the 
length of a Man. 

The Sheath-fish, 8. 



Fiscis habet Finnas, 1. 
quibus natat ; 
& Branchias, 2. 
quibus respirat ; 
& Spinas 

loco ossium : praeterea, 
Mas Lactes^ 
Foemina Ova. 

Quidam habent Squamas^ 
ut Carpio, 3. 
Lticius, (Lupus) 4. 

Alii sunt glabri, 
ut, Anguilla, 5. 
Mustela, 6. 

Accipenser (Sturio), 7. 
mucronatus, crescit 
ultra longitudinem viri. 

Silurus, 8. 



having wide Cheeks, 
is bigger than he : 

But the greatest, 
is the Huson^ 9. 

MtnewSy 10. 
swimming by shoals, 
are the least. 

Others of this sort are 
the Ferck, the Bley^ 
the Barbel, 
the Esch, the Trout, 
the Gudgeon, and Trench, \ i. 

The Crab-fish, 12. is cov- 
ered with a shell, and it 
hath Claws, and crawleth 
forwards and backwards. 

The Horse-leech, 13. 
sucketh blood. 



r42; 

bucculentus, 
major illo est : 

Sed maximus 
Antaseus (Huso,) 9. 

Apuce, 10. 
natantes gregatim, 
sunt minutissimae. 

Alii hujus generis sunt 
Perca, Alburnus, 
Mullus, (Barb us) 
Thymallus^ Trutta^ 
Gobius, Tinea, 11. 

Cancer, 12. 
tegitur crusta, 
habetque chelas, & gradi- 
tur porro & retro. 

Hirudo, \ 3. 
sugit sanguinem. 



XXXV. 

Sea-fish, and Shell-fish. Marini pisces & Conchae. 




The Whale, i. is the 
greatest of the Sea fish. 



Balcena, (Cetus) 1. max- 
imus Piscium marinorum. 



r43) 



The Dolphin^ 2. 
the swiftest. 

The Scate, 3. 
the most monstrous. 

Others are the Z^;;z/r^/,4 
the Salmon, or the Lax, 5. 

There are also fish that 
flie, 6. Add Herrings, 7. 
which arebroughtpickled, 
and Place, 8. and Cods, 9. 
which are brought dry; 
and the Sea monsters, 
the Seal. 10. 
and the Sea-horse, 8ic. 

Shell-fish, 1 1 . have Shells. 

The Oyster, 12. 
affordeth sweet meat. 

"Y^iQ Purple-fish, 13. 
purple; 

The others, Pearls, 14. 



Delphinus, 2. 
velocissimus. 

Raia, 3. 
monstrossimus. 

Alii sunt Murcenula, 4. 
Salmo, (Esox) 5. 

Danturetiam volatiles,6. 

Adde Haleces, 7. 
qui salsi, 

& Passeres,Z. cum Asellis,<^, 
qui adferuntur arefacti ; 
& monstra marina, 
P ho cam, 10. 
Hippopotamum, &c. 

Concha, 1 1 . habet testas, 

Ostrea, 12. 
dat sapidam carnem. 

Murex, 13. 
purpuram ; 

Alii, 14. Margaritas. 



Man. 



XXXVI. 



Homo. 




Adam, i. the first Man, j Adamus, 1. primus Homo^ 



r 44; 



was made by God after 
his own Image the sixth 
day of the Creation, of a 
lump of Earth. 

And Eve^ 2. 
the first Woman, was made 
of the Rib of the Man. 

These, being tempted 
by the Devil under the 
shape of a Serpent^ 3. 
when they had eaten of the 
ix\x\t oiih^ forbidden Tree^ 
4. were condemned, 5. 
to misery and death, 
with all their posterity, 
and cast out of Paradise^ 6. 



formatus est a Deo 
ad Imaginem suam 
sexta die Creationis, 
e Gleba Terrae. 

Et Eva^ 2. 
prima mulier, 
formata est e costa viri. 

Hi, seducti 
abolo sub specie 
Serpentis, 3. 
cum comederent 
de fructu vetitce arboris^ 4. 
damnati sunt, 5. 
ad miseriam & mortem, 
cum omni posteritate sua, 
& eject i e Paradiso 6. 



XXXVIl. 

The Seven Ages of Man. 




Septem States Hominis. 
A Man is first an Infant^ 1 . | H07710 est primum InfanSy 1 . 



(45) 



then a Boy, 2. 

then a Youth^ 3. 

then a Young-man^ 4. 

then a Tl/'^;^, 5. 

after that an Elderly-man^d. 

and at last, a decrepid old 

man^ 7. 

So also in the other Sex^ 
there are, a Girl^ 8. 
A Damosel^ 9. a Maid^ 10. 
A Woman, 11. 
an elderly Wo?Jian, 12. and 



deinde Puer, 2. 
turn Adolescens, 3. 
inde y^uvenis, 4. 
postea F/>, 5. 
dehinc Senex, 6. 
tandem Silicernium, 7. 

Sic etiam in altero SexUy 
sunt^ Pupa, 8. 
Puella, 9. Virgo, 10, 
M idler, 11. 
Vetula, 12. 



a decrepid old Woman, 13. ^/^z/i- decrepita, 13. 

XXXVIII. 

The Outward Parts of a Man. 




Membra Hominis Externa. 



The Head, 1. is above, 
the 7^^^/, 20. below. 



Caput, I. est supra, 
infra Pedes, 20. 



(46) 



the fore part of the Neck 
(which ends at 
the Arm-Ao/es, 2.) 
is the Throaty 3. the 
hinder part, the Crag, 4. 

The Breast, 5, is before; 
the back, 6, behind ; 
Women have in it 
two Dugs, 7. 
with Nipples, 

Under the Breast 
is the Belly, 9. 
in the middle of it 
the Navel, 10. 
underneath the Groyn, 11. 
and ihQ privities. 

The Shoulder-blades, 12. 
are behind the back, 
on which the Shoulders 
depend, 13. 
on these the Arms, 14. 
with \\).QElbow,\^. and then 
on either side the Hands, 
the right, 8. and the left, 16, 

The Loyns 
are next the Shoulders, 
with the Hips, 18. 
and in the Breech, 
the Buttocks^ 19. 

These make the Foot; 
the Thigh, 2 1. then xXi^Leg, 
23. (the Knee, being be- 
twixt them, 22.) 
in which is the Calf, 24. 
with the Shin, 25. 
then the Ankles, 26. 
the Heel, 27. 
and the Sole, 28. 
in the very end, 
the great Toe, 29. 
with four (other) Toes. 



Anterior pars Colli 
(quod desit 
in Axillas, 2.) 
est Jugulum, 3. 
posterior Cervix, 4. 

Pectus, 5. est ante ; 
Dorsum, 6. retro; 
Foeminis sunt in illo 
binse Mammce, 7. 
cum Papillis. 

Sub pectore 
est Venter, g. 
in ejus medio, 
Umbelicus, to. 
subtus Inguen, 11. 
^ pude?ida. 

Scapulce, 12, 
sunt a tergo, 
a quibus pendent humeriy 

ab his Brachia, 14. 
cum Cubito, 15. inde ad 
utrumque Latus, ManuSy 
Dexter a, 8. & Sinistra, 16. 

Lu?nbi, 17. 
excipiunt Humeros, 
cum Coxis, 18. 
& in Bodice, (culo) 
Nates, 19, 

Absolvunt Pedem ; 
Fe^nur, 21. tum Crus, 23. 
{Genu, 22. intermedio.) 

in quo Sura, 24. 

cum Tilia, 25. 

abhinc Tali, 26. 

Calx, (Calcaneum) 27. 

& Solu7Ti, 28. 

in extremo 

Hallux, 29. 

cum quatuor Digitis, 



(ai) 

XXXIX. 

The Head and the Hand. 



Caput & Manus. 




In the Head are 
the Hair, i. 
{which is combed 
with a Comb, 2.) 
two Ears, 3. 
the Temples, 4. 
and the Face, 5. 

In the Face are 
the Fore-head, 6. 
both the Eyes, 7. 
the Nose, 8. 
(with two Nostrils) 
the Mouth, 9. 
the Cheeks, 10. 
and the Chin, 13. 

The Mouth is fenced 
with a Mustacho, 11. 
and Z/^J, 12. 



In Capite sunt 
Capillus, 1. 
(qui pectitur 
Pec tine, 2.) 
Aures, 3. binae, 
& Tempora, 4. 
Fades, 5. 

In facie sunt 
Frons, 6. 

Oculus, 7. uterque, 
Nasus, 8. 

(cum duabus iV<3Jr/<5z^^) 
6>^, 9. 

Gence, (Malae) 10. 
& Mentum, 13. 

Os septum est 
Mystace, 11. 
& Labiis, 12. 



r48; 



A Tongue and a Palate^ 
and Teeth, i6. 
in the Cheek-bone. 

A Man's Chin 
is covered with 2LjBeard,i4. 
and the Eye 
(in which is the White 
and the Apple) 
with eye-lids, 
and an eye-brow, 15. 

The Hand being closed 
is a i^/j-/, 17. 

being open is a Palm, 18. 
in the midst, is the hollow, 
19. of the Hand, 
the extremity is the 
Thicmb, 20. 
witli four Fingers, 
the Fore-fi7iger, 21. 
the Middle- finger, 22. 
the Ring-finger^ 23. 
and the Little-finger, 24. 

In every one are 
three y^j';^^", a. b. c. 
and as many knuckles, d.e.f. 
with a iV<2//, 25. 



Li?igua cum Palato, 
Dentibtcs, 16. 
in Maxilla, 

Mentum virile 
tegitur Barba, 14. 
Oculos vero 
(in quo Albugo 
& Pupilla) 
palpcebris, 
& s2ipercilio, 15. 

Manus contracta, 
Pug7ius, 17. est 
aperta, Palnia, 18. 
in medio Fc^/i^, 19. 

extremitas, 

Pollex, 20. 

cum quatuor Digitisy 

Indice^ 21. 

Medio, 22. 



Aiimdari^ 



23- 



& Au7'icula7'i, 24. 

In quolibet sunt 
articuli tres, a. b. c. 
& totidem Co7idyli, d. e. f. 
cum U7tgue, 25. 



( ^9 ) 
The Flesh and Bowels. XL 



Caro & Viscera. 




In the Body are the Skin 
with the Membranes, 
the Flesh with the Muscles, 
the Chanelsy 
the Gristles, 
the Bones and the Bowels. 

The 6'/^/;^, i. being puU'd 
off, the Flesh, 2. appeareth, 
not in a continual lump, 
but being distributed, as 
it were in stuft puddings, 
which they call Muscles, 
whereof thereare reckoned 
four hundred and five, be- 
ing the Chanels of the Spi- 
rits^ to move the Members. 

The Bowels are the in- 
ward Members : 

As in the Head, the 
Brains,'^,, being compassed 
about with a Skull, and 



In Corpore sunt Cutis 
cum Membranis, 
Caro cum M us cutis, 
Canales, 
Cartilagines, 
Ossa & Viscera, 

Cute, \. detract^, 
Caro, 2, apparet, 
non continua massa, 
sed distributa, 
tanquam in farcimina, 
quos vocant Musculos, 
quorum numerantur 
quadringenti quinque, 
canales Spirituum, 
ad movendum Membra. 

Viscera sunt Membra in- 
terna : 

Ut in Q>2i^\\.t, Cerebrum, 3. 
circumdatum Cranio^ & 



rso; 



the Skin which covereth 
the Skull. 

In the Breast, the Hearty 

4. covered with a thin 
»S'^z;z about it, and th^Zungs, 

5. breathing to and fro. 
In the Belly, 

the Stojfiach, 6. 
and the Guts, 7. 
covered with a Caul. 
The Liver, 8. 

and in the left side oppo- 
site against it, \.\iQMilt, 9. 
the two Kid?ieySy 10. 
and the Bladder., 1 1. 

The Breast 
is divided from the Belly 
by a thick Membrane, 
which is called 
the Mid-riff, 12. 



P ericranio . 

In Pectore, Ccr, 4. 
obvolutum Pericardio^ 
& Pubno, 5. 
respirans. 

In Ventre, 
Vefitri cuius, 6. 
& Intestina, 7. 
obdacta Ojuento. 
Jecur, (Hepar) 8. 
& a sinistro oppositus 
ei Lien, 9. 
duo Penes, 10, 
cum Vesica, 11. 

Pectus 
dividitur a Ventre 
crassa Membrand, 
quae vocatur 
Diaphragma, 12. 



The Chanels and Bones. 



XLI. 



Canales & Ossa. 



f 








"'"•'%v 






^ 


Pf 


m 


ti 


^^g 


j^^' 




1 




im. 




^^W 






f 


fe; 


& 




W 








w w 




n\ Jl 








^? II 




^ U 




. 




^ w 




nl \. 




4* 


^ 


^ ^w 




j& ^ 


- 



The Chanels of the Body are | Canales Corporis sunt 



(51 J 



the Veins ^ carrying 

the Blood from the Liver; 

The Ai'teries (carrying) 
Heart and Life from the 
JFfeat J 

The Nerves (carrying) 
Sense and Motion 
throughout the Body from 
the Brain. 

You shall find these 
three, i. everywhere 
joined together. 

Besides, from the Mouth 
into the Stomach is 
the Gullet^ z. the 
way of the meat and drink; 
and by it to the Lights,the 
Wezand^ 5. for breathing; 
from the Stomach to the 
Anus is a great Intestine., 3. 
to purge out the Ordure j 
from the Liver to the 
Bladder, the Ureter^ 4. 
for making water. 

The Bones are 
in the Head, the Skull., 6. 
the two Cheek-bones.,']. 
with thirty-two Teeth., 8. 

Then the Back-bone., 9. 
the Pillar of the Body, 
-consisting of thirty-four 
turning Joints., that the 
Body may bend it self. 

The Ribs., 10. whereof 
there are twenty-four. 

T\iQ Breast-bone., 11, 
the two Shoulder-blades., 12. 
the Buttock-bone., 13. 
the bigger Bo?ie in the 
Arm, 15. and 
the lesser Bone in the Arm. 



Vence deferentes 
Sanguinem ex Hepate ; 

Arteries., Calorem 
& Vitam d Corde j 

Nervi., Sen sum 
et Motum, per 
Corpus a Cerebro. 

Invenies haec tria, 1. 
ubique sociata. 

Porro, ab Ore 
in Ventriculum 

Gula., 2. 

via cibi ac potus ; & 

juxta hanc^ ad Pulmonem 

Guttur.,^. pro respiratione ; 

a ventriculo ad Anum 

Colon., 3. 

ad excernendum Stercus; 

ab Hepate ad Vesicam, 

Ureter, 4. 

reddendse urinae. 

Ossa sunt 
in Capite, Calvaria, 6. 
duae M axil Ice, 7. cum 
XX Xn. Dentibus, 8. 

Tum, Spina dor si y 9. 
columna Corporis, 
constans ex XXXIV. 
Vertebris^ ut Corpus 
queat flectere se 

Cos tee, 10. 
quarum viginti quatuor, 

Os Pectoris, 1 1 . 
duae Scapulce, 12. 
Os sessibuliy 13. 
Lacerti, 15. 

& Ulna. 



r 52; 



The Thigh'bofie, 14. 
the foremost, 16. 
and the hindmost Bone, 
in the Leg, 17. 

The Bones of the Hand, 
18. are thirty-four, and 
of the Foot, 19. thirty. 

The Marrow is in the 
Bones. 



Tibia ^ 14. 
Fibula, 16. anterior, 
& posterior, 17. 

Ossa Maniis, 18. 
sunt triginta quatuor, 
Pedis, 19. triginta. 

Medulla est in Ossibus, 



XLII, 
The Outward and Inward Senses. 




Sensus exter 
There are five outward 
Senses ; 

The £}'e, i. seeth Col- 
ours, what is white or 
black, green or blev/, 
red or yellow. 

The jEar, 2. heareth 
Sou?ids, both natural. 
Voices and Words; 
and artificial, 



ni & interni. 

Sunt quinque externi 
Seiisus J 

Oculus, I. videt ColoreSy 
quid album vel atrum, 
viride vel coeruleum, 
rubrum aut luteum, sit. 

Auris, 2. audit Sonos^ 
tum naturales. 
Voces & Verba; 
tum artificiales, 



rs3) 



Musical Tunes. 

The Nose^ 3. scenteth 
smells and stinks. 

The Tongue^ 4. with the 
roof of the Mouth tastes 
Savours^ what is sweet or 
bitter, keen or biting, sow- 
er or harsh. 

The Hand, 5. by touch- 
ing discerneth the quan- 
tity and quality of things; 
the hot and cold, 
the moist and dry, 
the hard and soft, 
the smooth and rough, 
the heavy and light. 

The inward Senses are 
three. 

The Common Sense, 7. 
under \\iq forepart of the 
head, apprehendeth 
things taken from 
the outward Senses. 

The Phantasie, 6. 
under the crown of the head 
judgeth of those things, 
thinketh and dreameth, 

The Memory, 8. 
under the hinder part of the 
head,\a.yeth\ip every thing 
and fetcheth them out : 
it loseth some, 
and this is forgetfu/ness. 

Sleep, is 
the rest of the Senses. 



Tonos Musicos, 

Nasus, 3, olfacit 
odores & foetores. 

Lingua, 4. cum Palato 
gustat Sapores, quid 
dulce aut amarum, acre 
aut acidum, acerbum aut 
austerum. 

Manus, 5. tangendo 
dignoscit quantitatem, 
& qualitatem rerum ; 
calidum & frigidum, 
humidum & siccum, 
durum & molle, 
Iseve & asperum, 
grave & leve. 

Sensus interni sunt tres. 

Sensus Communis, 7. 
sub sincipite 
apprehendit 
res perceptas 
a Sensibus externis. 

Phantasia, 6. 
sub vertice, 
dijudicat res istas, 
cogitat, somniat. 

Memoria, 8. 
sub occipitio, 
recondit singula 
& depromit : 
deperdit quaedam, 
& hoc est oblivio. 

Somnus, 
est requies Sensuum. 



( SA) 



The Soul of Man. 



XLIII. 



Anima hominis„ 




The Soul is the Life of 
the Body,one in the whole. 
Only Vegetative \n Plants J 

Withal Sensitive in Ani' 
mals J 

And also rational in 
Men. 

This consisteth in three 
things ; 

In the Understandings 
whereby it judgeth 
and understandeth 
a thing good and evil, 
or true, or apparent. 

In the Will, 
whereby it chooseth, 
and desireth, 
or rejecteth, and mis- 
liketh a thing known. 

In the Mind, 
whereby it pursueth 



Anima est vita 
corporis, una in toto. 

Tantiim Vegetativa in 
Plantis ; 

Simul Sensitiva in Ant- 
malibus ; 

Etiam Rationalis in 
Homine. 

Haec consistet in tribus: 

In Mente (Intellectu) 
qua cognoscit, 
& intelligit, 
bonum ac malum, 
vel verum, vel apparens.^ 

In Volu7ttatey 
qua eligit, 
& concupiscit, 
aut rejicit, 
& aversatur cognitum» 

In Animo, 
quo prosequitur 



( ss) 



the Good chosen or avoid- 
eth the Evil rejected. 

Hence is Hope and Fear 
in the desire, 
and dislike. 

Hence is Love and J^oy^ 
in the Fruition: 

But Anger and Griefs 
in suffering. 

The true judgment of a 
thing is Knowledge j 
the false, is Error ^ 
Opinion and Suspicion. 



Bonum electum, 

vel fugit Malum rejectum. 

Hinc Spes & Timor ^ 
in cupidine, 
& aversatione : 

Hinc Amor & Gaudium^ 
in fruitione : 

Sed Ira ac Dolor., 
in passione. 

Vera cognitio rei^, 
est Scientia j 
falsa, Error., 
Opinio., Suspicio. 



XLIV. 

Deformed and Monstrous People. 




Deformes & Monstrosi. 



Monstrous and de- 
formed People are those 
which differ in the Body 
from the ordinary shape, 



Monstrosi., 
& deformes sunt 
abeuntes corpore 
a communi formd, 



(56) 



as the huge Gyanf, i. 
the little Dwarfs 2. 
One with two Bodies^ 3. 
One with tivo Heads ^ 4. 
and sucn like Monsters. 

Amongst these are reck- 
oned, T^iQ jolt-headed^ 5. 
The great nosed^ 6. 
The blubber -lipped^ 7. 
The blub-cheeked, 8. 
The goggle-eyed, 9. 
Th.Q wry-necked, 10. 
The great-throated, 1 1 . 
The Crump-backed, 12. 
The Crump-footed, 13. 
The steeple-crowned, 15. 
add to these 
The Bald-pated, 14. 



ut sunt, immanis Gigas, 

nanus {Pumilio), 2. 

Bicorpor, 3. 

Biceps, 4. 

& id genus monstra. 

His accensentur, 
Capito, 5. 
Naso, 6. 
Labeo, 7. 
Bucco, 8. 
Strabo, 9. 
Obstipus, 10, 
Strumosus, 1 1 . 
Gibbosus, 12. 
Loripes, 1 3 . 
07^, 15. 
adde 
Calvastrum, 14. 



XLV. 

The Dressing of Gardens. 



Hortorum cultura. 









?^-^-":^'< 



m 



•I'- 



M 










We have seen Man: 
Now let us go on to Man's 



Vidimus hominem : 
Jam pergamus 



rs?; 



Jiving^ and to Handy- craft- 
Trade s^v^\{\c\\ tend to it. 

The first and most an- 
cient sustenance^ were the 
Fruits of the Earth. 

Hereupon the first la- 
bour of Adam, was 
.the dressing of a garden. 

The Gardener^ i. 
diggeth in a Garden-plot^ 
with a Spade^ 2. 
or Mattock, 3. 
and maketh Beds, 4. 
and places wherein to 
plant Trees, 5. 
on which he setteth 
Seeds and Plants. 

The Tree- Gardener, 6. 
planteth Trees, 7. 
in an Orchard, 
and grafteth Cyons, 8, 
in Stocks, 9. 

He fenceth his Garden, 
either by care, 
with a mound, lo. 
or a Stone-wall, 11. 
or a r^//, 12. 
or Pales, 13. 
or a Hedge, 14. 
made of Hedge -stakes, 
and biitdings ; 

Or by Nature, with 
Prambles and Bryers, 15. 

It is beautified 
with Walks. 16. 
■and Galleries, 17. 

It is watered 
with Fountains, 18. 
.and a Watering-pot, 19. 



ad Victum hominis, & ad 
Artes Mechanicas, quae hue 
faciunt. 

Primus & antiquissimus 
Victus, erant 
Fruges Terrce. 

Hinc primus Labor 
Adami, 
Horti cultura. 

Hortulanus (Olitor), i. 
fodit in Viridario, 
Ligone, 2. 
aut Bipalio, ^. 
facitque Pulvinos, 4. 
ac Plantar ia, 5. 

quibus inserit 

Semina & Plantas. 

Arbor ator, 6. 
plantat Arbores, 7. 
in P Ontario, 
inseritque Surculos, 8. 
Viviradicibus, 9. 

Sepit hortum 
vel Cura, 
Muro, 10. 
aut Macerie, it. 
aut Vac err a, 1 2. 
aut Plancis, 13. 
aut 6'^/(?, 14. 
flexa e sudibus 
& vitilibus ; 

Vel Natura 
Dumis & Vepribus, 15. 

Ornatur 
Ambulacris, 16. 
& Pergulis, 17. 

Rigatur 
Fonta?iis, 18. 
& Harpagio, 19. 



Husbandry. 



Agricultura.. 




The Plow-man^ i. 
yoketh Oxai^ 3. 
to a Plough^ 2. 
and holding the Plow- stilt ^ 
4. in his left hand, 
and the Plow -staffs 5. 
in his right hand, 
with which he removeth 
Clods ^ 6. 

he cutteth the Land, 

(which was manured afore 

with Diing^ 8.) 

with a Share, 7. 

and a Coulter, 

and makeih /urrows, 9. 

Then he soweth 
the Seed^ 10. 
and harroweth it in 
with a Harrow, 1 1. 

The Reaper, 12. 
sheareth the ripe corn 
with a Sickle, i3.gather- 
eth up the hand/ ids, 14. 



Arator, i. 
jungit Boves, 3. 
Aratro, 2. 

& tenens Stivam, 4. 
Iseva, 
Rallum, 5. 
dextra, 
qua amovet 
Glebas, 6. 

scindit terram 
(stercoratam antea 
Pi mo, 8.) 
Vomere, 7. 
et Dentali, 
facitque Sulcos^ 9. 

Turn semitiat 
Seineji, 10. 
& inoccat 
(9(rra, 1 1 . 

Messor, 12. 
metit fruges maturas 
Fake messoris, 13. 
colligit Manipulos, 14. 



rsg; 



andbindeththe^/;(?<2Z'^i-, 15. 

The Thrasher, 16. 
thrasheth Corn 
on \\iQ Barn- floor ^ 17. 
with a Flayl^ 18. tosseth 
it in a winnowing-basket, \ 9. 
and so when the Chaff, 
and the Straw, 20. 
are separated from it, he 
putteth it into Sacks, 12. 

The Mower, 22. 
maketh Hay in a Meadow, 
cutting^ down Grass 
with a Sithe, 23. 
and raketh it together 
with a Rake, 24. and 
maketh up Cocks, 26. 
with 2^ fork, 25, and 
carrieth it on Carriages, 2"]. 
into the Hay-barn, 28. 



& colligat Mergetes, 15. 

Tritor, 16. 
triturat frumentum 
in ^r*?^ Horrei, 17. 
Flagello (tribula), 18. 
jactat ventilabro, 19. 
atque ita Paled 
& Str amine, 20. 
separata, 
congerit in Saccos, 21. 

Fosniseca, 22, 
facit Foenum in Prato, 
desecans Granien 
Falce fcenaria, 23. 
corraditque 
Rastro, 24. 

componit Acervos, 26. 
Furca, 25. & 
convehit Vehibus, 27. 
in Foenile, 28. 



Grasing. 



XLVII. 



Pecuaria. 




(6oJ 



Tillage of gi-ound, 
and keeping Cattle^ 
was in old time the care 
of Kings and Noble-men ; 
at this Day only of the 
meanest sort of People. 

The Neat-heard^ i. 
calleth out the Heards^ 2. 
out of the Beast-houses, 3. 
with a Hor?t, 4. 
and driveth them to feed. 

The Shepherd, 5. 
feedeth his Flock, 6. 
being furnished with a 
Pipe, 7. and a Scrip, 8. 
and a Sheep-hook, 9. 
having with him a great 
JDog, 10. 

fenced with a Collar, 11. 
against the Wolves. 

Swine, 12. are 
fed out of a Swine-Trough. 

The Farmer'^s Wife, 13. 
milketh the Udders 
of the Cow, 15. 
at the Cratch, 15. 
over a milkpale, 16. 
and maketh Butter 
of Cream 
in a Churn, 17. 
and Cheeses, 18. 
of Curds. 

The ^^^/, 19. 
is shorn from Sheep^ 
whereof several Garments 
are made. 



Cultus Agrorum, 
& res pecuaria, 
antiquissimis teraporibus, 
erat cura Regum,Heroum; 
hodie tantum infirmae 
Plebis, 

Bubulcus, I. 
evocat Armenia, 2. 
e Bovilibus, 3. 
Buccina (Cornu), 4, 
& ducit pastum. 

Opilio (Pastor), 5. 
pascit Grege??i, 6. 
instructus Fistula, 7. 
& Fera, 8. 
ut & Fedo, Q. 
habens secum Molossum, 
10. 

munitum Millo, 11. 
contra Lupos. 

6'z^<?j', 12. sagi- 
nantur ex aqualiculo hares, 

Villica, 13. 
mulget libera 
vaccce, 14. 
ad FrcEsepe, 15. 
super mulctra, 16. 
et facit Butyrum 
e 7?^r^ lactis, 
in F<3!j-(? butyraceo, 17. 
et Caseos, 18. 
e Coagulo. 

Lana, 19. 
detondetur Ovibus, 
ex qua variae Vestes 
conficiuntur. 



(6i) 
XLVIII. 



The making of Honey. 



Mellificium^ 




The ^ees send out 
a swarm, i. and set over 
it a Leader, 2. 

That swarm 
being ready to fly away is 
recalled by the Tinkling 
of a brazen Vessel, 3. 
and is put up 
into a new Hive, 4. 

They make little Cells 
with six corners, 5. and 
fill them with Honey-dew, 
and make Cojnbs, 6. 
out of which the Honey 
runneth, 7. 

The Partitions being 
melted by fire, 
turn into Wax, 8. 



Apes emittunt 
Exa7?ien, i. adduntque illi 
Ducem (Regem), 2. 

Examen illud, 
avolaturum, 
revocatur tinnitu 
Vasis cEnei, 3. 
& includitur 
novo Alveari, 4. 

Struunt Cellulas 
sexangulares, 5. 
et complent eas MelliginCy 
& faciunt Favos, 6. 
e quibus Mel 
effiuit, 7. 

Crates 
liquati igne 
abeunt in Cerani, 8. 



Grinding. 



(62 J 
XLIX. 



Molitura 




In a Ml' II, I. 
a Stone, 2. runneth 
upon a stone, 3. 

A Wheel, 4. 
turning them about 
and grindeth Corn poured 
in by a Hopper, 5, 
and parteth the Bran, 6. 
falling into the Trough, 7. 
from the Meal slipping 
through a Bolter, 8. 

Such a Mill was first 
a Hand-mill, 9. 
then a Horse-mill, 10. 
then a Water-mill, 1 1. 
then a Ship-mill, 12. 
and at last a Wind-mill, 13. 



In Mala, 
Lapis, 2. currit 
super lapidem, 3, 

Rota, 4. 
circumagente, et 
conterit grana infusa 
per l7ifundibulum, 5. 
separatque Furfurem, 6, 
decidentem in Cistam, 7. 
a Farina (Polline) 
elabente "^qv Fxcussorium,Z. 

Talis Mola primiim fuit 
Manuaria, 9. 
deinde J^umentaria, 10. 
turn Aquatica, 11. 
& Navalis, 12. tandem, 
Alata (pneumatica), 13. 



(^3 J 



Bread-bakino:. 



L. 



Panificium, 




The Baker ^ i. 
sifteth the Meal 
in a Rindge^ 2. 
and putteth it into the 
Kneading-trough^ 3. 

Then he poureth water 
to it and maketh Doughy 4. 
and kneadeth it 
with a wooden slice ^ 5. 

Then he maketh 
Loaves^ 6. Cakes ^ 7. 
Cimnels, 8. Rolls, 9, &c. 

Afterwards he setteth 
them on diPeely 10. 
and putteth them thorow 
the Oven-mouth, 12. 
into the Oven, 1 1. 

But first hepullethout 

the fire and the Coals with 
a Coal-rake, 13. 



Pistor, I . 
ccrnit Farinam 
Cribo, 2. (pollinario) 
& indit Mactrce, 3. 

Turn affundit aquam, 
& facit Massam, 4. 
depsitque 
spatha, 5. lignea. 

Dein format 
Panes, 6. Placentas, 7. 
Similas, 8. Spiras, 9. &c. 

Post imponit 
Palce, 10. 
& ingerit Furno, 1 1. 

per Prcefurnium, 12. 

Sed prills eruit 

ignem & Carbones 
Rutabulo, 13. 



r64; 



which he layeth on a heap 
underneath, 14. 

And thus is ^r^<3;^ baked, 
having the CriLst without, 
15, and the Cru7?ib with- 
in, 16. 



quos congerit 
infra, 14. 

Et sic Pants pinsitur 
habens extra Crustam^ 15. 
intus Micam^ 16. 



Fishing. 



LI. 



Piscatio. 




The Fisher -man^i. catch- 
eth fish, either on the 
Shoar, with an Hook^ 2. 
which hangeth by a Line 
from the angling-rod^ 
on which the Bail sticketh; 
or with a C/eek-nel, 3. 
which hangeth on a jPo/e, 4. 
is put into the Water; 
or in a Boaf, 5. 
with a Tramniel-7tet^ 6. 
or with a Wheels 7. 
which is laid in the Water 
by Night. 



Piscatory i. captat 
pisces, sive in littore, 
Hanio, 2. 
qui pendet^/^ 
ab ai'undine^ 
& cui Esca inhaeret; 
sive Funddy 3. 
quae pendens Pertica^ 4, 
immittitur aquae ; 
sive in Cymba, 5. 
Retiy 6. 
sive Nassa^ 7. 
quae demergitur 
per Noctem. 



Fowling. 



Aucupium. 




The Fowler, i. maketh 
a Bed^ 2, spreadeth 
a Bird-net^ 3. 
throweth a Bait^ 4. upon 
it> and hiding himself 
in a ZT?^/, 5. 
he allureth Birds, 
by the chirping of Lure- 
Mrdsy which partly hop 
upon the Bed, 6. 
and are partly shut in 
Cages J 7. and thus he en- 
tangleth Birds that fly 
over, in his net whilst they 
settle themselves down. 

Or he setteth Snares^ 8. 
on which they hang and 
strangle themselves : 

Or setteth Lime-twigs^ 9. 
on a Perch, 10. 
G 



AucepSy 1. exstruit 
Aream, 2. superstruit 
illi Rete aucupatorium, 3. 
obsipat Escam, 4. 
& abdens se 
in Latibulo, 5. 
allicit Aves, 
cantu Illicum, 
qui partim in Area cur- 
runt, 6. 

partim inclusi sunt Caveisy 
7. atque ita obruit 
transvolantes Aves Reti, 
dum se demittunt : 

Aut tendit Tendiculas^ 8. 
quibus suspendunt & 
suffocant seipsas : 

Aut exponit Viscatos cat- 
amoSy 9. Amitiy 10. 



(66) 



upon which if they sit 
they enwrap their Feath- 
ers, so that they cannot fly 
away, and fall down to the 
ground. 

Or he catcheth them 
with a Fole^ 1 1. 
or a Fit-fall, 12. 



quibus si insident, 
implicant pennas, 
ut nequeant avolare, 
& decidunt in terram. 

Aut captat 
Perficd, 11. 
vel Decipuld, 12. 



Hunting. 



LIII. 



Venatus. 




The Hunter, 1. 
hunteth wild Beasts 
whilst he besetteth a 
Wood with Toyls, 2. 
stretched out upon 
Shoars^ 3. 

The Beagle, 4. track- 
eth the wild Beast or find- 
eth him out by the scent ; 
the Tu7?ibler,ox Greyhound, 
5. pursueth it. 

The Wolf, 
falleth in a Fit, 6. 



Venator, \. 
venatur Feras, 
dum cingit Sylvam, 
Cassibiis, 2. 
tentis super 
Varos, 3. (furcillas.) 

Canis sagax, 4. 
vestigat Feram, 
aut indagat odoratu ; 
Vertagus, 5. 
persequitur. 

Lupus, 
incidit in Foveam,6. 



r67; 



the Stag, 7. as he runneth 
away, into Toyls. 

The Boar^ 8. 
is struck through 
with a Hunting- spear, 9. 

The Bear, 10. 
is bitten by Dogs^ 
and is knocked 
with a Club, 1 1. 

If any thing get away, 
it escapeth, 12. as here 
a Hare and a 7^?:^. 



fugiens Cervus, 7. 
in Plagas. 

Aper, 8. 
transverberatur 
Ve?iabulo, 9. 

Ursus, 10. 
mordetur a Canibus, 
& tunditur 
Clavd, 1 1 . 

Si quid effugit, 
evadit, 12. ut hie 
Lepus & Vulpes. 



Butcherv. 



LTV. 



Lanionia. 




The Butcher, i. 
killeth y"(3:/ Cattle, 2. 
(The Lean, 3. 
are not fit to eat.) 

He knocketh them down 
with an Ax, 4. 
or cutteth their Throat. 



Laiiio, 1. 
mactat Pecudeni altilem, 2. 

{Vescula, 3. 
non sunt vescenda.) 

Prosternit 
Clavd, 4. 
vel jugulat. 



( 6S) 



with a Slaughter-knife^ 5. 
he flayeth them, 6. 
and cutteth them in pieces, 
and hangeth out the flesh 
to sell in the Shambles^ 7. 
He dresseth a Swine^ 8. 
with fire 

or scalding water, 9. 
and maketh Ga7?ions, 10. 
Pistils, II. 
and Flitches, 12. 

Besides several Puddings, 
Chitterlings, 13. 
£ loadings, 1 4. 
Liverings, 15. 
Sausages, 16. 

The ^^/, 17. and 
Tallow, 18. are melted. 



Cunaculo, 5. 

excoriat (deglubit,) 6. 

dissecatque 

& exponit carnes, 

venum in Macello, 7. 

Glabrat Suem, 8. 
igne, 

vel aqua fervida, 9. 
& facit Pernas, 10. 
Petasones, 11. 
& Succidias, 12. 

Praeterea Farcimina 
varia, Faliscos, 13. 
Apexabones, 14. 
Tomacula, 15. 
Botulos, (Lucanicas) 16. 

Adeps, 17. & 
Sebum, 18. eliquantur. 



Cookery. 



LV. 



Coquinaria^ 




T/^^ Yeoman of the Larder, 

1. bringeth forth Provision, 

2. out of the Larder^ 3. 



P ramus Condus, i, 
profert Obsania, 2, 
e PenUy 3. 



(^9) 



The Cook, 4. taketh them 
and maketh several Meats. 

He first pulleth off the 
Feathers and draweth the 
Gutts out of the Birds, 5. 

^' He scaleth and splitteth 
.Fish, 6. 

He draweth some flesh 
with Lard, by means 
of a Larding -nee die, 7, 

He caseth Hares, 8. 
then he boileth them in 
Pots, 9. and Kettles, 10. 
on the Hearth, 11. 
and scummeth them 
with a Scummer, 1 2. 

He seasoneth things that 
are boyled with Spices, 
which he poundeth with a 
Pestil, 14. in a Morter, 13. 
orgrateth witha6^r^/^r,i5. 

He roasteth some on 
Spits, 16. and with a Jack^ 
17. or upon a Grid-iron, 18. 

Or fryeth them 
in a Frying-pan, 19. 
upon a Brand-iron, 20. 

Kitchen utensils besides 
are, 

a Coal -rake, 21. 
a Chafing-dish, 22. 
a 7><?>^, 23. 

(in which Dishes, 24. and 
Flatters, 25. are washed), 
a pair of Tongs, 26. 
a Shredding -knife, 27. 
a Colander, 28. 
a Basket, 29. 
and a Besom, 30. 



Coquus, 4. accipit ea 
& coquit varia Esculenta* 

Prius deplumat, 
& exenterat ^z/^i-, 5. 

Desquamat & 
exdorsuat Pisces, 6. 

Trajectat quasdem carnes 
Lardo, ope 
Creacentri, 7. 

Lepores, 8. exuit, 
tum elixat 6>///j', 9. 
& Cacabis, 10. 
in /^(?<:^, 1 1. 
& despumat 
Lingula, 12. 

Condit elixata, 
Aromatibus, 
quae comminuit 
Pistillo, 14. in Mortario, 13. 
aut terit Raduld, 15. 

Quae dam as sat Verubus, 
16. & Automato, 17. 
vel super Craticulum, 18. 

Vel frigit 
Sartagine, 19. 
super Tripode??t, 20. 

F<2J-(2 Coquinaria prae- 
terea sunt, 
Rutabiilum, 21. 
Foculus (Ignitabulum), 22. 
Trua, 23. 

(in qua Catini, 24. & 
Patince, 25. eluuntur) 
Forceps, 26. 
Culter incisor ius, 27. 
Qualus, 28. 
Cor bis, 2g, 
& Scop a, 30. 



The Vintage, 



Vindemia. 




Wine groweth 
in the Vine-yard^ i. 
where Vines are propa- 
gated and tyed with Twigs 
to Trees ^ 2. 
or to Props, 3. 
or Fra77ies, 4. 

When the time of Grape- 
gathering is come, they 
cut off the Bunches, 
and carry them in 
Measures of three Bushels, 5 . 
and throw them into a Vat, 
6. and tread them 
with their Feet, 7. 
or stamp them 
with a Wooden-Pestil, 8. 

and squeeze out the juice 
in a Wine-press, 9. 
which is called -^^^^/, 11. 



Vinuni crescit 
in Vine a, i. 

ubi Vites propagantur, 
& alligantur viminibus 
ad Arbor es, 2. 
vel ad Palos (ridicas), 3. 
vel ad Juga, 4 

Cum tempus vindemi- 
andi adest, abscindunt 
Botros, 

& comportant 
Triinodiis, 5. 

conjiciuntque in Lacum,6. 
calcant 
Pedibus. 7. 
aut tundunt 
Ligneo Pile, 8. 

& exprimunt succum 

Torculari, 9. 

qui dicitur Mustum, 11. 



(7^ J 



and being received 
in a great Tu3, lo. 
it is poured into 
Hogsheads^ 12. 
it is stopped up, 15. 
and being laid close in Cel- 
lars upon Settles, 14. 
it becometh Wine. 

It is drawn out of the 
Hogshead, with a Cock, 13. 
or Faucet, 16. 
(in which is a Spigot) the 
Vessel being unbunged. 



& exceptum 

Orcd, 10. 

infunditur 

Vasis (Doliis), 12. 

operculatur, 15. 

& abditum in Cellis, 

super Cantherios, 14. 

abit in Vinuin. 

Promitur e Dolio 
Sip hone, 13. 
aut Tubulo, 16. 
(in quo est Epistomiuni) 
Vase relito. 



Brewing. 



LVII. 



Zythopoie. 




Where Wine is not to be 
had they drink Beer, 
v/hich is brewed oi Malt, 1 . 
and Hops, 2. 
in a Caldron, 3. 
afterwards it is poured 
into Vats, 4. 



Ubi Vinuin non habetur, 
bibitur Cerevisia (Zythus), 
quae coquitur ex Byne, i. 
& Lupulo, 2. 
in Aheno, 3. 
post effunditur 
in Lacus, 4. 



(l^ ) 



and when it is cold, 
it is carried in Soes^ 5, 
into the Cellar^ 6. 
and is put into Vessels. 

Brandy -wine ^ 
extracted by the power of 
heat from dregs of Wine in 
a Pan^ 7. over which a Lim- 
beck^ 8. is placed, 
droppeth through 2iPipe, 9. 
into a Glass. 

Wine and Beer when 
they turn sowre, become 

Vinegar. 

Of Wine and 
Honey they make Mead. 



& frigefactum. 
defertur Labris, 5. 
in Cellar ia., 6. 
& intunditur vasibus. 

Vinum sublimatum, 
extractum vi Caloris 
e fecibus Vini in Aheno, 7. 
cui Alembicum, 8. 
superimpositum est. 
destillat per Tubum, 9. 
in Vitrum. 

Vinum & Cerevisia, cum 
acescunt, fiunt Acetum. 

Ex Vino & Melle fac- 
iunt Mulsum. 



A Feast. 



LVIII. 



Convivium. 




When a Feast 
is made ready, 
the table is covered 
with a Carpet^ 1 . 



Cum Convivium 
apparatur, 
Mensa sternitur 
Tapetibus^ i. 



( UJ 



and a Table-cloth, 2. 

by the Waiters, 

who besides lay 

the Trenchers, 3. 

Spoons, 4. 

Knives, 5. 

with little Forks, 6. 

Table-napkins, 7. 

Bread, 8. 

with a Salt-seller, 9. 

Messes are brought 
in Platters, 10. 
a -P/<f, 19. on a Plate, 

The Guests being 
brought in by the Zr<9^/, 1 1. 
wash their Hands 
out of a Laver, 12. 
■or Ewer, 14. 
over a Hand-basin, 13. 
or Bowl, 15. 
and wipe them 
on a Hajid-towel, 16. 
then they sit at the Table 
on Chairs, 17. 

The Carver, 18. 
breaketh up the good 
Cheer, and divideth it. 

Sauces are set amongst 
Boast-meat, in Sawcers, 20. 

The Butler, 21. 
filleth strong Wine 
out of a Cruise, 25. 
or Wine-pot, 26. 
or Flagon, 27. 
into Cz^i", 22. 
or Glasses, 23. 
which stand 
on a Cupboard, 24. and 
he reacheth them to the 
Jif aster of the Feast, 28. who 
drinketh to his Guests, 



& Mappa, 2. 

a Tricliniariis, 

qui praeterea opponunt 

Discos (Orbes), 3. 

Cochlearia, 4. 

Cultros, 5. 

cum Fuscinulis, 6. 

Mappulas, 7. 

Panem, 8. 

cum Salino, 9, 

Fercula inferuntur 
in Patinis, 10. 
Artocrea, 19. in Lance. 

Convivae introducti 
ab Hospite, 1 1 . 
abluunt manus 
e Gutturnio, 12. 
vel Aquali, 14. 
su'^QT M alluvium, 13. 
aut Pelvim, 15. 
terguntque 
Ma7itili, 16. 
tum assident Mensae 
per Sedilia, 17. 

StriLctor, 18. 
deartuat dapes, 
& distribuit. 

Embammata interponuntur 
Assutaris in Scutellis, 20. 

Pincerna, 21. infundit 
Temetum, 
ex Urceo, 25. 
vel Cantharo, 26. 
vel Lagena, 27. 
in Pocula, 22. 
vel Vitrea, 23. 
quae extant 
in abaco, 24. 
& porrigit, 
Co7ivivatori, 28. 
qui propinat Hospitibus. 



The Dressing of Line. LTX. 



Tractatio Lini. 




Line and Hemp 
being rated in water, 
and dryed again, i. 
are braked 

with a wooden Brake^ 2. 
where the Skives, 3. fall 
down, then they are hec- 
kled with an Iron Heckle^ 4. 
where the Tow^ 5. 
is parted from it. 

Flax is tyed to a Distaffs 
6. by the Spinster, 7, 
which with her left hand 
pulleth out the Thread, 8. 
and with her right hand 
turneth a Wheel, 9. 
or a Spindle, 10. upon 
which is a Wharl, 11. 

The Spool receiveth 
the Thread, 13. 



Linuin & Cannabis, 
macerata aquis, 
et siccata rursum, i. 
contunduntur 
Frangibulo ligneo, 2. 
ubi Co7'tices^ 3. decidunt 
turn carminantur 
Cari7iine ferreo, 4. 
ubi Stupa, 5. 
separatur. 

Linuni pui'imi alligatur 
Colo, 6. a NeUHce, 7. 
quae sinistra 
t rah it Filum^ 8. 
dextera, 12. 

Rhombutn (girgillum), 9. 
vel Fusum^ 10. 
in quo Verticillus, 11. 

Volva accipit 
Fila, 13. 



( Ti ) 



which is drawn thence 
upon a Yani-wtndle, 14. 
hence either Clews^ 15. 
are wound up, 
or Hanks, 16. are made. 



inde deducuntur 

in Alabj'-um, 14. 

hinc vel Glomi^ 15. 

glomerantur, 

vel Fascicidi, 16. fiunt. 



Weavins:. 



LX. 



Textura. 




The Webster 
undoeth the Clews, 1. 
into Warp, 

and wrappeth it about 
the Beam, 2. 
and as he sitteth 
in his Loom, 3. 
he treadeth upon the 
Treddles, \. with his Feet. 

Hedivideth the Warp, 5. 
with Yarn. 

and throweth the Shuttle, 6. 
through, in which is the 
Woofe,3.vi6. striketh it close. 



Textor 
diducit Glomos, 1 . 
in Stamen, 
& circumvolvit 

JugO, 2. 

ac sedens 

in Textrino, 3. 

calcat Insilia, 4. 

pedibus. 

Diducit Stamen, 5. 
Liciis, 

& trajicit Radium, 6. 
in quo est Trama, 
ac densat. 



(76) 



with the S/ey^ 7. 
and so maketh 
Linen cloth ^ 8. 

So also the Clothier 
maketh Cloth of Wool. 



Pectine, 7. 

atque ita conficit 

Linteum^ 8. 

Sic etiam Pannifex 
facit Pannum h Lana. 



Linen Cloths. 



LXI. 



Lintea. 




Linnen-webs 
are bleached in the Smi^ i« 
with Water poured on 
them, 2. till they be white. 

Of them the Sempster, 3. 
soweth Shirts^ 4. 
Handkirchers, 5. 
Bands ^ 6. Caps^ &c. 

These if they be fouled, 
are washed again 
by the Laundress, 7. in 
water, or Lye and Sope. 



Linteamina 
insolantur, i. 
aqua perfusa, 2. 
donee candefiant. 

Ex iis Sartrixy 3. 
suit Indusia, 4. 
Muccinia, 5. 
Collaria, 6. Capitia, &c. 

Haec, si sordidentur 
lavantur rursum, 
a Lo trice, 7. aqua, 
sive Lixivio ac Sap one. 



The Taylor. 




Sartor. 



The Taylor^ i. cutteth 
Cloth^ 2. with Shears^ 3. and 
seweth it together with a 
JN'eedle and double thready 4. 

Then he presseth the 
Seams with a Pressing-iron^ 
5. And thus he maketh 
Coats ^ 6. 
with Plaits^ 7. 
in which the Border^ 8. is 
below with Laces^ 9. 

Cloaks^ 10. 
with a 0?/^, 1 1, 
and Sleeve Coats ^ 12. 

Doublets^ 13. 
with Buttons^ 14. 
and Cz^^j-, 15. 

Breeches^ 16. 
sometimes with i?/^^^;?^', 17. 

S toe kins, 18. 

Gloves^ 19. 



Sartor y 1. discindit 
P annum, 2. Forfice, 3, 
consuitque ^^z^ & ^//-j? 
duplicato, 4. 

Postea complanat 6*2^-^ 
turas Ferramento, 5. 

Sicque conficit 
Tunicas, 6. 
Plicatas, 7. 

in quibus infra est -^/;«- 
/^r/dJ, 8. cum Institis, 9. 

Pallia, 10. 
cum PatagiOy 1 1. 
& Togas Manicatas, 1 2. 

ThoraceSy 13. 
cum Globulis, 14. ■ 
& Manicis, 15. 

Caligas, 16. ali- 
quando cum Lemniscis, 17, 

Tibialia, 18. 

ChirothecaSy 19. 



(7«) 



Muntero Caps, 20. &c. 

So the Furrier 
maketh Furred Gar me tits 
of Furs. 



Atniculum, 20. &c. 

Sic Pellio 
facit Pellicia 
e Pellibus. 



The Shoemaker. 



LXIII. 



Sutor. 




The Shoemaker, 1 . 
maketh Slippers, 7. 
Shoes, 8. 

(in which is seen 
above, the Upper-leather, 
beneath the Sole, 
and on both sides 
the Latchets) 
Foots, 9. 

and High Shoes, 10. 
oi Leather, 5. 

(which is cut with a 

Cuttijtg-hiife), 6. 

by means of an Awl, 2. 

and Litigel, 3. 

upon a Last, 4. 



Sutor, 1. 

conficit Crepidas (San- 

dalia,) 7. Calceos, 8. 

(in quibus spectator 

superne Obstraguluniy 

in feme Sole a, 

et utrinque 

Ansce) 

Ocreas, 9. 

et Peroues, 10. 

e Corio, 5. 

(quod discinditur 
Scalp ro Sutor io, 6.) 
ope SubulcE, 2. 
et Fili/zV^//, 3. 
super Modum, 4. 



The Carpenter. 



(19) 
LXIV. 



Faber lignarius. 




We have seen Man's food 
and clothing: now his 
Dwelling followeth. 

At first they dwelt 
in Caves, i. then in 
Booths or Huts^ 2. 
and- then again in Tents, 3. 
at the last in Houses. 

The Woodman 
felleth and heweth down 
Trees, 5. with an Ax, 4. 
the Boughs, 6. remaining. 

He cleaveth Knotty Wood 
with a Wedge, 7. 
which he forceth in 
with a Beetle, 8. 
and maketh Wood-stacks, 9. 

The Carpenter 
squareth Timber 
with a Chip-Ax, 10. 



Hominis victum & ami- 
ctum, vidimus: sequitur 
nunc Domicilium ejus. 

Primo habitabant 
in Specubus, i. deinde in 
T abernaculis vel Tuguriis^z. 
tum etiam in Tent or its, 3. 
demum in Domibus. 

Lignator 
sternit & truncat 
Ar bores, 5. Securi, 4. 
remanentibus Sarmentis, 6. 

Findit Nodosum, 
Lignum Cuneo, 7. 
quern adigit 
Tudite, 8. 
& componit Strues, 9. 

Faber Lignarius 
ascit Ascia, 10. 
Materiem, 



(»o) 



whence C/iips, ii. fall, and 


unde AssulcE, 11. cadunt, 


saweth it with a Saw, 12. 


& serrat Serrd, 12. 


where the Saw-dust, 13. 


ubi Scobs, 13. 


falleth down. 


decidit. 


Afterwards he lifteth 


Post elevat 


\\iQ Beam upon Tressels, 14. 


Tignum super Canterios, 14* 


by the help of a Fully, 15. 


ope Trochlece, 15. 


fasteneth it 


aflfigit 


with Cramp-irons, 16. 


Ansis, 16. 


and marketh it out 


& lineat 


with a Line, 17. 


Amussi, 17. 


Thus he frameth 


Turn compaginat 


the Walls together, 18. 


Farietes, 18. 


and fasteneth the great 


& configit trabes 


pieces with Fins, 19. 


Clavis trabalibus, 19. 



The Mason. 



LXV. 



Faber Murarius^ 




The Mason, i. 
layeth a Foundation, 
and buildeth Walls, 2. 

Either of Stones 
which the Stone-digger get- 
teth out of the Quarry, 3. 



Faber Murarius, i. 
ponit Fundamentum^ 
& struit Muros, 2. 

Sive ^ Lapidibus, 
quos Lapidarius 
eruit in Lapicidina, 3. 



(Si) 



and the Stone-cutter^ 4. 
squareth by a Rule^ 5. 

Or of Bricks^ 6. 
which are made 
of Sand and Clay 
steeped in water, 
and are burned in fire. 

Afterwards he plaister- 
eth it with Linie^ 
by means of a Trowel^ 
and garnisheth witli a 
Rough-cast^ 8. 
Engines. 



& Latomus^ 4. 
conquadrat ad Norniam^ 5. 

Sive e Later ibus, 6, 
qui formantur, 
ex Arena & Ltcto^ 
aqua intritis 
& excoquuntur igne. 

Dein crustat 
CalcCy 

ope Trullce, 7. 
& vest it Tectorio^ 8. 



LXVI. 



Machinae. 




One can carry 
as much by thrusting 
a Wheel-barrow, 3. 
before him, (having 
an Harness, 4. hanging 
on his neck,) as two men 
can carry on a Colestaff, i. 
or Hand-barrow, 2. 

H 



Unus potest ferre 
tantum trudendo 
Pabonem, 3. 
ante se, 
{^rumna, 

Suspensa a Collo) quan- 
tum duo possunt ferre 
Falangd, vel Feretro^ 2. 



(S2j 



But he can do more that 
rolleth a Weight laid upon 
Rollers^ 6. with a Leaver^ 5. 

A Wind-beam^ 7. 
is a post, which is 
turned by going about it. 

A Crane ^ 8. 
hath a Hollow-wheel^ 
in which one walking 
draweth weights out of a 
Ship, or letteth them down 
into a Ship. 

A Rammer^ 9. 
is used to fasten 
Piles ^ 10. 

it is lifted with a Rope 
drawn by Pullies, 11. 
or with hands, 
if it have handles, 1 2. 



Plus autem potest qui pro- 
volvit Molem impositam 
Phalangis (Cylindria, 6.) 
Vecte, 5. Ergata, 7. 
est columella, quae 
versatur circumeundo. 

Geranium^ 8. 
habet Tympanum, 
cui inambulans quis 
extrahit pondera navi, 
aut demittit in navem. 

Fistuca, 9. 
adhibetur ad pangendum 
Sublicas, 10. 
adtollitur Fune 
tracto per Trochleas, 11. 
vel manibus, 
si habet ansas, 12. 



A House. 



LXVII. 



Domus. 




The Porch, i. 
is before the Door 
of the House. 



Vestibulum, i. 
est ante Januam 
DomHs. 



(^3) 



The Door hath 
:a Threshold^ 2. 
and a Lintel, 3. 
and Posts, 4. on both sides. 

The Hinges, 5. 
-are upon the right hand, 
upon which the Doors, 6. 
hang, the Latch, 7. 
and the Bolt, 8. 
are on the left hand. 

Before the House 
is a Fore-court, 9. 
with a Pavement 
-of square stones, i o. 
born up with Pillars, 11. 
in which is the Chapiter, 1 2. 
and the Base, 13. 

They go up into the up- 
per Stories by Greess, 14. 
and Winding-stairs, 15. 

The Windows, 16. 
-appear on the outside, 
and the Grates, 17. 
the Galleries, 18. 
the Watertables, 19. 
the Butteresses, 20. 
to bear up the walls. 

On the top is thei?<5'<?/, 21. 
covered with Tyles, 22. 
or Shingles, 23. 
which lie upon Laths, 24. 
and these upon Rafters, 25. 

The Eaves, 26. 
adhere to the i?<?^/. 

The place without a Roof 
is called an open Gallery, 27. 

In the Roof are 
Jetting s out, 28, 
and Pinnacles, 29. 



Janua habet 
Limen, 2. 

& Superli?ninare, 3. 
& Pastes, 4. utrinque. 

Car dines, 5. 
sunt a dextris, 
a quibus pendent Fores, 6. 
Claustrum, 7. 
aut Pessulus, 8. 
a sinistris. 

Sub aedibus 
est Cavcedium, 9. 
Pavimento 
Tessellato, i o. 
fulcitum Columnis, 11. 
in quibus Peristylium^ 12. 
& Basis, ] 3. 

Ascenditur in superiores 
contignationes per Scalas^ 
14. & Cocklidia, 15. 

Fenestrce, 16. 
apparent extrinsecus, 
& Cancelli (clathra), 17. 
Pergulce, 18. 
Suggrundia, 19. 
& Fulcra, 20. 
fulciendis muris. 

In summo est Tectum, 21. 
contectum Lfnbricibus {teg- 
ulis), 22. vel Scandulis, 23, 
quae incumbunt Tigillis^ 
24. haec Tignis, 25. 

7V<:/(? adhaeret 
Stillicidium, 26. 

Locus sine Tecto 
dicitur Subdiale, 27. 

In Tecto sunt 
Meniana, 28. 
& Coronides, 29. 



A Mine. 



(^4 J 
LXVIII. 



Metallifodina.- 




Mitiers^ i. 
go into the Grave ^ 2. 
by a Stick, 3. 
or by Ladders, 4. 
with Lanthor?is, 5. 
and dig out with a 
Pick, 6. the Oar, 
which being put in Baskets 

7. is drawn out with a Rope, 

8. by means of a Ti/rn, 9. 
and is carried 

to the Melting-house, 10. 
where it is forced with fire, 
that the Metal may run 
out, 12. the Dross, 11. is 
thrown aside. 



Metalli fossores, i . 
ingrediuntur Fiiteum fod- 
ince, 2. Bacillo, 3, 
sive Gradibus, 4. 
cum Lucernis, 5. 
& effodiunt Ligone, 6. 
terrain Metallicam, 
quae imposita Corbibus, 7. 
extrahitur Fiuie, 8. 
ope Machince tractorice, 9. 
& defertur 
in Ustrinam, 10. 
ubi urgetur igne, 
ut Metalliun, 12. profluat 
ScoricB, II. abjiciuntur 
scorsim. 



/ 



The Blacksmith. 



(^5 J 
LXIX. 



Faber Ferrarius. 




The Blacksmith^ i. 
in his Smithy (or Forge), 2. 
bloweth the fire 
with 2i pair of Bellows^ 3. 
which he bloweth 
with his Feet^ 4. 
and so heateth the Iron : 

And then he taketh it 
out with the Tongs, 5. 
layeth it upon the Anvile, 6. 
and striketh it 
with an Hammer, 7. 
where the sparks, 8. fly off. 

And thus are hammer'd 
out, Nails, 9. 
Horse-shoes, 10. 
Cart-strakeSy 1 1 . 
Chains, 12. 

Plates, Locks and Keys, 
Hinges, &c. 

He quencheth hot Irons 
in a Cool-trough. 



Faber ferrarius, i. 
in Ustrina (Fabrica), 2. 
inflat ignem 
Folk, 3. 
quern adtollit 
Pede, 4. 
atq; itacandefacit Ferriim: 

Deinde eximit 
Forcipe, 5. 
imponit Incudi, 6. 
& cudit 
Malleo, 7. 
ubi Stricturce, 8. exiliunt. 

Et sic excuduntur, 
Clavi, 9. 
So lea, 10. 
Canthi. 1 1 . 
Cate7ice, 12. 

Lamince, Serceowvci Clavibus, 
Car dines, &c. 

Restinguit cadentia, 
Ferramenta in Lacti. 



LXX. 

The Box-maker and the Turner. 




Scrinarius 
The Box-maker^ i. 
smootheth heweft Boards^ 2. 
with a Plain, 3. 
upon a work-board, 4. he 
maketh them very smooth 
with a little-plain, 5 . 
he boreth them thorow 
with an Augre, 6. carv- 
eth them with a Knife, 7. 
fasteneth them together 
with Glew and Cramp-Irons, 
8. and maketh Tables, 9. 
Boards, 10. 
Chests, II. &c. 

The Turner, 12. 
sitting over the Treddle,\'t,. 
turneth with a Throw, 15. 



& Tornator. 

Arcularius, 1 . 
edolat Asseres, 2. 
Runcina, 3. 
in Tabula, 4. 
deplanat 
Planula, 5. 
perforat (terebrat) 
Terebra, 6. 
sculpit Cultro, 7. 
combinat 

Glutine & Subscudibus, 8. 
& facit Tabulas, 9. 
Mens as, 10. 
Arcus (Cistas), 11. &c. 

Tornio, 12. 
sedens in Insili, 13. 
torn at Tor no, 15. 



rs?) 



upon a Turner's Bench, 14. 
Bowls, 16. TopSy 17, 
Puppets, 18. and 
such like Turners Work. 



super Scaimio Tornatorioj 
14. Globos, 16. Conos, 17. 
Icunculas, 18, & 
similia Toreumata, 



The Potter. 



LXXI. 



Figulus. 




The Potter, i. 
sitting over a Wheel, 2. 
maketh ^<?/j-, 4. 
Pitchers^ 5. 
Pipkins y 6. 
Platters, 7. 
Pudding-pans, 8. 

Zi^j, 10. &c. 

Qi Potter s Clay, 3. 

afterwards he baketh them 

in an (9z;^;2, 11. 

and glazeth them 

with White Lead, 

A broken Pot afifordeth 
Pot'SheardSf 12. 



Figulas, I. 
sedens super ^^/^, 2. 
format Ollas, 4. 
Urceos, 5. 
Trip odes, 6. 
Patinas, 7. 
F<2^<2 testacea, 8. 
Fidelias, 9. 
Opercula, 10. &c. 
ex Argilld, 3. 
postea excoquit 
in Fur no, 1 1 . 
& incrustat 
Lithargyro. 

Fracta Olla dat 
Testas, 12. 



(SS) 



The Parts of a House 



Partes Domus 




A House \^ divided 
into inner Rooms^ 
such as are the Entry, i. 
the Stove, 2. 
the Kitchen, 3. 
the Buttery, 4. 
the Dining Room, 5. 
the Gallery, 6. 
the Bed Cha?nber, 7. with 
a Privy, 8. made by it. 

Baskets, 9. 
are of use for carrying 
things. 

and Chests, 10. (which are 
made fast with a Key, 11.) 
for keeping them. 

Under the Roof, 
is the Floor, 12. 

In the Yard, 13. 
is a Well, 14. 
a Stable, 15. 



Domus distinguitur 
in Conclavia, 
ut sunt Atrium, 1. 
Hypocaustum, 2. 
Cella Penuaria, 4. 
Cce7iaculum, 5. 
Camera, 6. Cuhiculum, 7. 
cum Secessu (Latrina), 8. 
adstructo. 

Corbes, 9. 
inserviunt rebus 
transferendis, 
ArccE, 10. 

(quae C/f^z'f/, 11. recludun- 
tur) adfervandis illis. 

Sub Tec to, est Solu7?i 
(Pavimentum), 12. 

In Area, 13. 
Piiteus, 14. 
Stabulum, 15. 



f»9) 



and a Bath^ 16. 

Under the House 
is the Cellar^ 17. 



cum Balneo, 16. 

Sub Domo 
est Cella^ 17. 



LXXIII. 

The Stove with the Bed-room. 




Hypocaustum 

The Stove ^ 1. 
is beautified 
with an Arched Roof ^ 2. 
^and wainscoted Walls, 3. 

It is enlightened 
with JVindows, 4. 

It is heated 
with an Oven, 5. 

Its Utensils are 
Benches^ 6. 
Stools, 7. 
Tables, 8. 
with T vessels, 9. 
Footstools, 10. 
and Cushions, 1 1 . 



cum Dormitorio. 

Hypocaustum, i. 
ornatur 
Laqueari, 2. 
& tabulatis Parietibus, 3, 

Illuminatur 
Fenestris, 4. 

Calefit 
Fornace, 5. 

Ejus Utensilia sunt 
Scamna, 6. 
SellcB, 7. 
Mensce, 8. 
cum Fulcris, 9. 
ac Scabellis, 10. 
& Culcitris, 1 1 . 



(90 ) 



There are also Tapestries 

hanged, 12. 

For soft lodging 
in a Sleeping-room^ 13. 
there is a Bed, 14. 
spread on a Bed-sted, 15. 
upon a Straw -pad, 16. 
with Sheets, 17. 
and Cover- lids, 18. 

The Bolster, 19. 
is under ones head. 

The Bed is covered 
with a Canopy, 20. 

A Chamber-pot, 2 1 . 
is for making water in. 



Appenduntur etiam 

Tapetes, 12. 

Pro levi cubatu, 
in Dormitorio, 13. 
est Lectus, (Cubile) 14. 
stratus in Sponda, 15. 
super Stramentum, 16. 
cum Lodicibus, 17. 
& Stragulis, 18. 

Cervical, 19. 
est sub capite. 

Cafiopeo, 20. 
Lectus tegitur. 

Matula, 21. 
est vesicae levandae. 



Wells. 



LXXIV. 



Putei. 




Where Springs are want- 
ing, Wells, 1. are digged. 
and they are compassed 
about with a Brandrith, 2. 
lest any one fall in. 

Thence is water drawn 



Ubi jFontes deficiunt, 
Putei, 1. effodiuntur, 
& circumdantur 
Crepidine, 2. 
ne quis incidat. 

Inde aqua hauritur 



( 9^ ) 



■with Buckets^ 3. 

hanging either at a Pole^ 4. 

or a ^^/(?, 5. 

or a Chain, 6. 

and that either by a Swipe^ 

7. or a Windle^ 8. 

or a Turn^ 9. 

with a Handle 

or a Wheels 1 o. 

or to conclude, 

by a Pu7np^ 1 1 . 



^^r^z/i- (situlis), 3. 

pendentibus vel Pertica^ 4. 

vel Fune^ 5. 

vel Catena, 6. 

idque aut Tollenoney 7. 

aut Girgilio, 8. 

aut Cylmdro, 9. 

Manubriato. 

aut i?^/^ (tympano), 10. 

aut deinque 

Antlid^ II. 



The Bath. 



LXXV. 



Balneum. 




He that desireth to be 
wash'd in cold water, 
goeth down into a River ^ 

In a Bathi7ig'house^ 2. 
we wash off the ^fM 
either sitting in a Tub^ 3 
or going up 
into the Hot-house^ 4. 



1. 



Qui cupit lavari 
aqua frigida, 
descendit in Fluvium^ 1. 

In Balneario^ 2. 
abluimus squalor es^ 
sive sedentes in Labro^ 3. 
sive conscendentes 
in Sudatorium y 4. 



r 92 J 



and we are rubbed 
with a Picmice-stone^ 6. 
or a Hair-doth^ 5. 

In the Stripping -room, 7. 
we put off our clothes, 
and are tyed about 
with an Apron, 8. 

We cover our Head 
with a Cap, 9. 
and put our feet 
into a Bason, 10. 

The Bath-woman, 1 1 . 
reacheth water in a Bucket, 
12. drawn out of the 
Trough, 13. into which it 
runneth out oi Pipes, 14. 

The Bath-keeper, 15. 
lanceth with a Lancet, 16. 
and by applying 
Cupping-glasses, 17. 
he draweth the Blood 
betwixt the skin and the 
flesh, which he wipeth 
away with a Spunge, )8. 



& defricamur 
Pumice, 6. 
aut Cilicio, 5. 

In Apodyterio, 7. 
exuimus Vestes, 
& praecingimur Castula 
(Subligari), 8. 

Tegimus caput 
Pileolo, 9. 

& imponimus pedes 
Telluvio, 10. 

Balneatrix, 1 1 . 
ministrat aquam Situla, 1 2. 
haustam ex Alveo, 13. 
in quern defluit 
e Canalibus, 14. 

Babieator, 15. 
scarificat Scalp ro, 16. 
& applicando 
Cucurbitas, 17. 
ex t rah i t Sanguinem 
subcutaneum, 
quem abstergit 
Spongid, 18. 



The Barbers Shop. 



(93) 

LXXVI. 



Tonstrina. 




The Barber^ i. 
in the Barbers- shop ^ 2, 
cutteth off the Hair 
and the Beard 
with a pair of Sizzars, t^. 
or shaveth with a Razor, 
vvhich he taketh 
out of his Case, ^, 

And he washeth one 
over a Bason, 5. 
with Suds running 
out of a Laver, 6. 
and also with Sope, 7. 
and wipeth him 
with a Towel, 8. 
combeth him with a Comb, 
9. and curleth him 
with a Crisping Iron, 10. 

Sometimes he cutteth a 
Vein with a Pen-knife, 1 1 . 
where the Blood spirteth 
out, 12. 



Tonsor, i. 
in Tojisfrifia, 2. 
tondet Crines 
& Bar bam 
Forcipe, 3. 
vel radit Novacitld, 
quam depromit 
e Theca, 4. 

Et lavat 
super Felvim, 5. 
Lixivio defluente 
e Gulturnio^ 6. 
ut & Sapone, 7. 
& tergit 
Linteo, 8. 
pectit Pectine, 9. 
crispat 
Calamistro, 10. 

Interdum secat Venam^ 
Scalpello, 1 1 . 

ubi Sanguis propullulat,. 
12. 



(9*J 



The Chirurgeon cureth 
Wounds, 



Chirurgus curat 
Vulnera. 



The Stable. 



LXXVII. 




The Horse-keeper^ i. 
cleaneth the Stable 
from Dung^ 2. 

He tyeth a Horse, 3. 
with a Halter, 4. 
to the Manger, 5. 
or if he apt to bite, 
he maketh him fast 
with a Muzzle, 6. 

Then he streweth Litter, 
7. under him. 

He winnow eth Oats 
with a Van, 8. 
(being mixt 

'with Chaff, and taken out 
of a Chest, 10.) 
and with them feedeth the 
Horse, as also with Hay, 9. 



Stahularias (Equiso), i. 
purgat Stabuluvi 
a Fi7no, 2 . 

Alligat Equui7i, 3. 
Capistro, 4. 
ad Prcesepe^ 5. 
aut si mordax 
constringit 
Fiscella, 6. 

Deinde substernit Stra- 
menta, 7. 

Vent Hat Ave nam, 
Vanno, 8. 

(Paleis mixtam, ac de- 
pro mptam a Cista F adula- 
tor ia, 10.) 
caque pascit equum, 

Ut & F(£710, 9. 



(<)',) 



Afterwards he leadeth 
bimtothe Watering-trough^ 
II. to water. 

Then he rubbeth him 
with a Cloth^ 12. 
combeth him 
with a Curry-comb^ 15. 
covereth him 
with an Housing-cloth^ 14. 
and looketh upon his Hoofs 
whether the Shoes, 1^5. 
be fast with the Nails. 



Postea ducit 
ad Aquarium, 1 1 . 
aquatum. 

Tum detergit 
Panno, 12. 
depectit 
Strigili, 1 5 . 
insternit 
Gausape, 14. 
& inspicit Soleas, 
an Calcei ferrei, 13. 
firmis Clavis haereant. 



Dials, 



LXXVII. 



Horologia, 




A Dial 
measureth Hours. 

A Sun-dial, 1. 
sheweth by the shadow 
of the Pin, 2. 
what a Clock it is; 
either on a Wall, 
or a Compass, 3, 

An Hour-glass, 4. 



Horologium 
dimetitur Horas. 

Sola7'ium, i. 
ostendit umbra 
Gnomonis, 2. 
quota sit Hora ; 
sive in Pariete, 
sive in Pyxide Magnetica, 3. 

Clepsydra, 4. 



(<)(>) 



sheweth the four parts of 
an hour by the running of 
Sand, heretofore of water. 

A Clock. 5. 
numbereth also the 
Hours of the Night, by 
the turning of the Wheels, 
the greatest whereof 
is drawn by a Weighty 6. 
and draweth the rest. 

Then either the Bell, 7. 
by its sound, being struck 
on by the Hammei-, or the 
Hand, 8. without, by its 
motion about sheweth the 
hour. 



ostendit partes horae qua- 
tuor, fluxu ArencE, 
olim aquae. 

Automaton, 5. 
numerat etiam 
Nocturnas Horas, 
circulatione Rotarum, 
quarum maxima 
trahitur a Pondere, 6. 
& trahit caeteras. 

Turn vel Canipana, 7. 
sonitu suo, percussa 
a Malleolo, vel I?idex extra 
Circuitione sua 
indicat horam. 



The Picture. 



LXXIX, 



Pictura. 




Pictures, 1 , 
delight the Eyes 
and adorn Rooms. 

The Painter, 2. 
painteth an Image 



PicturcE, I. 
oblectant Oculos 
& ornant Conclavia. 

Pic tor, 2. 
pin git Effigiem 



(<)1 ) 



with a Pencil, 3. 


Penicilio, 3. 


in a Table, 4. 


in Tabula, 4. 


upon a Case-frame, 5. 


super Pluteo, 5. 


holding his Pollet, 6. in his 


tenens Orb em Pictoriuin, 6. 


left hand, 


in sinistra, 


on which are the Paints 


in quo Pigmenta 


which were ground by the 


quae terebantur a 


Boy, 7. on a Marble. 


puero, 7. in marmore. 


The Cai'ver 


Sculptor, 


and Statuary 


& Statuarius 


carve Statues, 8. 


exsculpunt Statuas, 8. 


of Wood and Stone. 


e Ligno & Lapide. 


The Graver 


Coelator 


and the Cutter 


& Scalptor 


grave Shapes, 10. 


insculpit Figuras, to. 


and Characters 


& Characteres, 


with a Graving Chesil, 9. 


Coelo, 9. 


in Wood, Brass, 


Ligno, ^ri. 


and other Metals. 


aliisque Metallis. 



Looking-glasses. 



LXXX. 



Specularia. 




Looking-glasses, 1. 
I 



Specularia, 



(9»J 



are provided that Men 
may see themselves. 

Spec fades J 2. 
that he may see better, 
who hath a weak sight. 

Things afar off are seen 
in a Perspective Glass ^ 3. 
as things near at hand. 

A Flea appeareth 
in a muliplying-glass^ 4. 
like a little hog. 

The Rays of the Sun, 
burn wood 
through a Burning-glass^ 5. 



parantur, ut homines 
intueantur seipsos. 

Perspicilla^ 2. 
ut cernat acius 
qui habet visum debilem. 

Remota videntur 
per telescopium^ 3. 
ut proxima. 

PuleXy 4. 
in Microscopic apparet 
ut porcellus. 

Radii Solis 
accendunt ligna 
per Vitrum urens, 5, 



The Cooper. 



LXXXI. 



Vietor. 




The Cooper^ i. 
having an Apron, 2, tied 
about him, 
maketh Hoops 
of Hazel-rods y 3. 
upon a cutting- block, 4. 
with a Spoke-Shave, 5. 



Vietor, i. 
amictus Prcecinctorio, 2. 

facit Circulos, 
e Virgis Colurnis^ 3, 
super Sellam incisoriam, 4. 
Scalpro bimanubriato, 5. 



(99 J 



and Zags, 6. of Timber^ 

Of Lags he maketh Hogs- 
heads^ 7. and Pipes ^ 8. 

with two Heads ; 

and Tubs^ 9. 

Soes^ 10. 

Flaskets^ 11. 

Buckets^ T2. 

with one Bottom. 
Then he bindeth them 

with Hoops ^ 13. 

which he tyeth fast 

with small Twigs, 15. 

by means of a Cramp-iron, 

14. and he fitteth them on 

with a Mallet, 16. 

and a Driver, 17. 



& Assulas, 6. ex Ligno. 

Ex Assulis conficit 
Dolia, 7. & Cupas, 8. 
Fundo bino; 
turn Lacus, 9. 
Labra, 10. 

Pitynas [Trimodia], 11. 
& Situlas, 12. 
fundo uno. 

Postea vincit 
Circulis, 13. 
quos ligat 
Viminibus, 15. 
ope Falcis vie tor ice, 14. 
& aptat 
Tudite, 16. 
ac Tudicula, 17. 



LXXXII. 

The Roper, and the Cordwainer. 




Restio, & Lorarius. 
The Roper :, i . | Restio, 1 . 



( loo J 



twisteth Cords, 2. 

of Tow, or Hemp, 4. 

(which he wrappeth about 

himself) by 

the turning of a Wheel, 3. 

Thus are made 
first Cords, 5. 
then Ropes, 6, 
and at last, Cables, 7. 

The Cord-wainer, 8. 
cutteth great Thongs, 10. 
Bridles, 1 1 . 
Girdles, 12. 
Sword-belts, 13. 
Pouches, 14. 
Port-mantles, 15. &c. 
out of a Beast-hide, 9. 



/contorquet Funes, 2. 
e Stupa, 4. vel Cannabiy 
quam circumdat 
sibi 
agitatione RoticlcE, 3. 

Sic fiunt, 
primo Funiculi, 5. 
tum Restes, 6. 
tandem Rudentes, 7. 

Lorarius, 8, 
scindit Lor amenta, 10. 
Frcena, 11. 
Cingula, 12. 
Baltheos, 13. 
Crumenas, 14. 
Hippoperas, 15., &c. 
de r(?r/<5> bubulo, g. 



The Traveller. 



LXXXIII. 



Viator. 




A Traveller, 1. 
beareth on his shoulders 



Viator, i. 
portat humeris 



r loi; 



1n a Budget^ 2. 

those things 

which his Satchel^ 3. 

■ox Pouchy 4. cannot hold. 

He is covered 
with a Cloaky 5. 

He holdeth a Staffs 6. in 
his hand wherewith 
to bear up himself. 

He hath need of 
Provision for the way^ 
as also of a pleasant and 
merry Companion^ 7. 

Let him not forsake the 
High-road, 9. for a Foot- 
way^ 8. unless it be a 
beaten Path. 

By-ways y 10. 
2LX\di places where two ways 
meety 11. 

deceive and lead men aside 
into uneven-places y 12. 
so do not Bypaths^ 13. 
and Cross-ways^ 14. 

Let him therefore en- 
quire of those he meeteth^ 
15. which way he must go; 
.and let him take heed 
■oi Robbers y 16. 
as in the way^ so also 
in the Inn^ 17. where 
(he lodgeth all Night. 



in Bulga, 2. 
quae non capit 
Funda^ 3. 
vel Marsupium^ 4. 

Tegitur 
Lacerndy 5. 

Tenet Baculum^ 6. Manu 
quo 
se fulciat. 

Opus habet 
Viatic Oy 

ut & fido & facundo 
Comite^ 7. 

Non deserat Viam 
regiam propter Seinitam^ 8, 
nisi sit 
Callis tritus. 

Avia^ 10. 
& Bivia, 1 1 . 

fallunt & seducunt, 
in SalebraSy 12. 
non seque Tramites, 13. 
& Compita, 14, 

Sciscitet igitur 
obvioSy 15. 
qua sit eundum ; 
& caveat 
Prcedones, 16. 
ut in via, sic etiam 
in DiversoriOy 17. 
ubi pernoctat. 



The Horse-man 



( I02 ; 

LXXXIV. 



Eques, 




The Horse-man^ i. 
setteth a Saddle^ 2. 
on his Horse ^ 3. 
and girdeth it on 
with a Girth^ 4. 

He layeth a Saddle-cloth^ 
5. also upon him. 

He decketh him with 
Trappifigs^ a J^o res tall, 6, 
a Breast-cloth, 7. 
and a Crupper, 8. 

Then he getteth upon 
his Horse, putteth his feet 
into the Stir r ops, 9. tak- 
tX)[iX\\Q Bridle -rem, 10. 11, 
in his left hand, wherewith 
he guideth and holdeth 
the Horse. 

Then he putteth to 
his SpurSy 12. 



Eques, 1 . 
imponit Equo, 2. 
Ephippiu77i, 3. 
idque succingit 
Cijigiilo, 4. 

Insternit etiam Dorsuaky 

5- 

Ornat eum 

P hale r is, Frontali, 6. 

Antilejia, 7. 

& Fostilena, 8. 

Deinde insilit in 
Equum, indit pedes 
Stapedibus, 9. 
cape? sit Loruin (habe- 
nam), I o. i^r (?;//, 11. sinistra 
quo flectit, & retinet 
Equum. 

Tum admovet 
Calcaria, 12. 



( I03 J 



and setteth him on 
with a Switch^ 1 3. 
and holdeth him in 
with a Musrol, 14. 
The Holsters^ 15, 
hang down from the Pum- 
mel of the Saddle^ 1 6. 
in which the Pistols^ 17. 
are put. 

The Rider is clad in a 
short Coat^ 18. 
his Cloak being tyed be- 
hind him, 19. 

A Post^ 20. 
is carried on Horseback 
at full Gallop. 



incitatque 
Vtrgula, 13. 
& coercet 
Postomide, 14. 
Bulgce, 1 5 . 
pendent ex Apice 
Ephippii^ 16. 
quibus Sclopi, ij, 
inseruntur. 

Ipse Eques induitur 

Chlamyde, 18. 
Lacernd revincta, 19. 
a tergo. 

Veredarius, 20. 
fertur Equo 
cursim. 



Carriages. 



LXXXV 



Vehicula. 




We are carried on a Sled, 
1. over Snow and Ice. 

A Carriage with one 
Wheel, is called a Wheel- 
barrow, 2. 



Vehimur Trahd, i. 
super Nivibus & Glacie. 

Vehiculum unirotum, 
dicitur Pabo, 2. 



( 104; 



with two Wheels, a Carf, 3. 
with four Wheels,a Wagon, 
which is either 
a Timber-wagon, 4. 
or a Load-wagon, 5. 

The parts of the Wagon 
are, the Heep (or draught- 
tree), 6. the jBeafn, 7. 
the Bottom, 8. 
and the Sides, 9. 

Then the Axle-trees, 10. 
about vviiich the Wheels 
run, the Lin-pins, 1 1. 
and Axletree-staves, 1 2. be- 
ing fastened before them. 

The Nave, 13. is the 
groundfast of the Wheel, 
14. from which come 
twelve Spokes, 15. 

The Ring encompasseth 
these, which is made 
of six Felloes, 16. 
and as many Strakes, 17. 
ILampiers 2ind Hurdles, t8, 
are set in a Wagon. 



birotum, Ca^-rus, 3. 
quadrirotum, CurruSy 
qui vel 

Sarracu7?i, 4. 
vel Plaustru7n, 5. 

Partes Currus sunt, 
Temo, 6. 
y^ugum, 7. 
Compages, 8. 
Spondee, 9. 

Tum ^^(fjT, 10. 
circa quos i?d7/<^ currunt, 
Paxil lis, 1 1 . 
& Obicibus, 12. 
praefixis. 

Modiolus, 13. est 
Basis Rotce, 14. 
ex quo prodeunt 
duodecim Radii, 15. 

Orbile ambit hos, 
compositum 
^ sex Absidibus, \ 6. 
& totidem Canthis, 17. 
Cor be s & Crates, 18. 
imponuntur Currui. 



r 105 j 

LXXXVI. 



Carrying to and fro. 



Vectura. 




The Coach-man^ 1. 
joineth a Horse fit to match 
a Saddle-horse^ 2, 3. 
to the Coach-tree^ 
with Thongs or Chains, 5. 
hanging down from the 
Collar, 4. 

Then he sitteth upon 
the Saddle-horse, 
and driveth them that go 
before him, 6. 
with a Whip, 7. 
and guideth them 
with a String, 8 

He greaseth the Axle-tree 
with Axle-tree grease 
out of a Grease-pot, 9. 
and stoppeth the wheel 
with a Trigen, 10. 



Auriga, i. 
jungit Parippum, 2. 6'(?//^- 
r/^, 3. 

ad Temonem, 
Loris vel Catenis, 5. 
dependentibus 
de Helcio, 4. 

Deinde insidet 
Sellario, 
agit ante se antecessores,6. 

Scuticd, 7. 
& flectit 
Fiinibus, 8. 

Ungit Axem 
Axungid, 

ex 27^^(? u7ignentorio, 9. 
& inhibet rotam 
Sufflamine, 10. 



( io6; 



in a steep descent. 

And thus the Coach is 

driven along the Wheel- 

rutSy II. 

Great Persons 2irQ carryed 
with six Horses^ 12. 
by two Coach??ie?i, 
in a Hanging-wagon, 
which is called 
a Coach, \ 3 . 

Others with tivo Horses, 
14. in a Cha?'iot, 15. 

Horse Liiters, 16, 17. 
are carried by two Horses. 

They use 
Pack-Horses, 
instead of Waggons, 
thorow Hills that are not 
passable, 18. 



in praecipiti descensu. 

Et sic aurigatur 
per Or bit as, 11. 

Magnates vehuntur 
Sejugibus, 12. 
d u o b u s Rheda riis, 
ICurru pensili, 
qui vocatur 
Carpentiun (Pilentum), 13. 

Alii Biju gibus, 14. 
Essedo, 1 5 . 

Arcerce, 16. ^ LacticcE, 17. 
portantur a duobusEquis. 

Utuntur 
y^mnentis Clitellariis, 
loco Curruum, 
per 7nontes invios, 18, 



Lxxxvn. 



Passing over Waters. 



Transitus Aquarum 




Lest he that is to pass i Trajecturus tlumen ne 
over a River should be wet, | madefiat, 



( 107 ) 



Bridges^ i. 

were invented for Car- 
riages, and Foot-bridges^ 2. 
for Foot-men. 

If a river 
hive a Foord^ 3. 
it is waded ove?-, 4. 

Flotes^ 5. also are made of 
Timber pinned together; 
or Ferry-boats, 6. 
of planks laid close to- 
gether for fear they should 
receive Water. 

Besides Scullers, 7. 
are made, which are rowed 
with an Oar, 8. 
or Pole, 9. 
or haled 
with an Flaling-rope, 10. 



Pontes, I. 

excogitati sunt pro Ve- 
hiculis & Ponticnli, 2. 
pro Peditibus. 

Si Flumen 
habet Vadum, 3. 
vadatur, 4. 

Pates, ^. etiam struuntur 
ex compactis tignis; 
vel Pontones, 6. 
ex trabibus consolidatis, 
ne excipiant aquam. 

Porro Lintres (Lembi), 7. 
fabricantur, qui 
aguntur Reino, 8. 
vel Conto, 9. 
aut trahuntur 
Remulco^ 10. 



Swimming. 



LXXXVIII. 



Natatus. 




Men are wont also 
to swim over Waters 



Solent etiam 
tranare aquas 



( loS J 



upon a bundle of flags ^ i. 

and besides upon blown 

Beast-bladders^ 2. 

and after, by throwing 

their Hands and Feet^ 3. 

abroad. 

And at last they learned 
to t?'ead the water ^ 4. 
being plunged up to the 
girdle-stead, and carrying 
their Cloaths upon their 
head. 

A Diver, 5. 
can swim also under 
the water like a Fish. 



super scirpeum fas c em , i . 
porro super inflatas bourn 
Vesicas, 2. 

deinde libere jactatu 
Manuu7ti Pedumque, 3. 

Tandern didicerunt 
calcare aqua?Ji^ 4. 
immersi 

cingulo tenus & gestantes 
Vestes supra caput. 

Urinator, 5. 
etiam natare potest 
sub aqua, ut Piscis. 



A Galley. 



LXXXIX. 



Navis actuaria. 




A Ship furnished 
with Oars, i. 
is a Barge, 2. 
or a Foyst, &c. 
in which the Rowers, 3. 



Navis instructa 
Re mis, 1 . 
est Uniremis, 2. 
vel Biremis, &c. 
in qud Reuiiges, 3. 



f 109 y* 



sitting on Seats, 4. 

by the Oar-rings, 

row, by striking the water 

with the Oars, 5. 

The Ship -master, 6. 
standing in the Fore-castle, 
and the Steers-man, 7. 
sitting at the Stern, 
and holding the Rudder, 8. 
steer the Vessel. 



considentes pre Transtra,. 

4. ad Scalmos, 

remigant pellendo aquam 

Remis, 

Proreta, 6. 
stans in Prora, 
& Gubernator, 7. 
sedens in Puppi, 
tenensque Clavum, 8. 
^\)\iQXW2iWiNavigium. 



A Merchant-ship. 



XC. 



Navis oneraria. 




A Skip, I. 
is driven onward 
not by Oars, but by the 
only force of the Winds. 

In it is a Mast, 2. set up, 
fastened with Shrowds, 3. 
on all sides to the main- 
chains. 



Navigium, i. 
impellitur, 
non remis, sed 
sola vi Ventorum. 

In illo Malus, 2. erigi- 
tur, firmatus Funibus, 3. 
undique ad Oras'JSfavis, 



(MO) 



to which the Sail-yards, 4. 
are tied, and the Sai/s,^. to 
these, which are spread- 
open, 6. to the wind, and 
are hoysed by Bowlings, 7. 

The Sails are 
the Main- sail, 8. 
the Trinket, or Fore -sail, 9. 
the Mi sen-sail or Poop- 
3 ail, 10. 

The Beak, 11. 
is in the Fore-deck. 

The Ancient, 12. 
is placed in the Stern. 

On the Mast 
is the Foretop, 13. 
the Watch-tower oixht-^hxi^ 
and over the Fore-top 
a Vane, 14. 

to shew which way the 
Wind standeth. 

The ship is stayed 
with an Anchor, 15. 

The depth is fathomed 
with a Pluni7net, 16. 

Passengers walk up and 
down the Decks, 17. 

The Sea men run to and 
fro through the Hatches,!^. 

And thus, even Seas 
are passed over. 



cui a.nnectuntur Antenncg,^, 

his. Vela, 5. quae 

expanduntur, 6. 

ad Ventum 

& Versoriis, 7. versantur. 

Vela sunt 
Artemon, 8. 
Do Ion, 9. 
& Fpidromus, 10. 

Rostrum J 11. 
est in Prora. 

Signum (vexillum), 12. 
ponitur in Puppi. 

In Malo 
est Cordis, 13. 
Specula Navis 
& supra Galeam 
Aphistre, 14. 
Ventorum Index. 

Navis sistitur 
Anchor d, 15. 

Profunditas exploratur 
Bolide, 16. 

Navigantes deambulant 
in Tahulato, 17. 

Nautae cursitant 
per Foros, 18. 

Atque ita, etiam Maria 
trajiciuntur. 



Ship-wreck. 



Naufragium. 




When a Storm^ i , 
ariseth on a sudden, 
they strike Sail^ 2. 
lest the Ship should be 
dashed against Rocks, 3 or 
light upon Shelves, 4. 

If they cannot hinder her 
they suffer Ship-W7'eck, 5. 
And then the men, the 

Wares, and all things are 
miserably lost. 

Nor doth the Sheat-a?i- 
chor, 6. being cast with a 
Cable, do any gooc\ 

Some escape, 
either on a Plank, 7. 

and by swimming, 

or in the Boat, 8. 

Part of the Wares, 

with the dead folks, 

is carried out of the Sea, 9. 

oupn the Shoars. 



Cum P roc el la, 1. 
oritur repente 
contrahunt Vela, 2. 
ne Navis ad Scopulos, 3. 
allidatur, aut incidat 
in Previa (Syrtes), 4. 

Si non possunt prohibere 
patiuntur Naufragium, 5. 

Tum Homines, 
Merces, omnia 
miserabiliter pereunt. 

Neque hie 
Sacra anchor a, 6. Rudenti 
jacta quidquam adjuvat. 

Quidam evadunt, 
vel tabula, 7. 

ac enatando, 

vel Scapha, 8. 

Pars Mercium 

cum mortuis 

a Mart, 9. in littora defer- 

tur. 



Writing. 



Ars Scriptoria. 




The Ancienis writ 
in Tables done over ivith ivax 
with a brazen Foitrel^ i . 
with the sharp end, 2. 
whereof letters were en- 
graven and rubbed out 
again with the broad end, 3. 

Afterwards 
they writ Letters 
with a sinall Reed, 4. 

We use a Goose-quill, 5. 
the Ste7n, 6. 
of which we make 
with a Pen-kfiife, 7. 
then we dip the Neb 
in an Ink-horn, 8. 
which is stopped 
with a Stopple, 9. 
and we put our Fens, 
into a Pennar, 10. 

We dry a Writing 



Veteres scribebant 
in Tabellis ceratis • 

aeneo Stilo, 1. 
cujus/<a;r/^ cuspidata, 2. 
exarabantur literae, 
rursum vero obliteraban- 
X.MX plana. 

Deinde 
Literas pingebant 
subtili C alamo, 4. 

Nosutimur^ nserina Pen- 
na, 5. cujus Caulem, 6. 
temperamus 
Scalpello, 7. 

turn intingimus Crenam 
in Atranientario, 8. 
quod obstruitur 
Operculo, 9. 
& Pennas recondimus 
in Calamario, 10. 

Siccamus Scripturam 



(lis) 



with Blotting-paper^ 

or Calls- sand 

out of a Sand-box, \ i . 

And we indeed 
write from the left hand 
towards the right, 12. 
the Hebrews 
from the right hand 
towards the left, 13. 
the Chinese and other Indi- 
ans^ from the top down- 
wards, 14. 



Chartd blbuld^ 

vel Arena scriptoria^ 

ex Theca Pulverarla^ 

Et nos quidem 
scribimus 4 sinistra 
dextrorsum, 12. 
HebrcEl 
a dextrd 

sinistrorsum, 13. 
Chuienses & Indl alii, 
d summo deor- 
sum, 14. 



II. 



Paper. 



XCIII. 



Papyrus. 




The Ancients used 
Beech-Boards^ 1. 
or Leaves^ 2. 

as also Barks^ 3. of Trees j 
especially 

of an Egyptian Shrub, 
which was called Papyrus. 

Now Paper is in use 
which the Paper 'maker 
J 



Veteres utebantur 
Tabulls Faglnls^ i. 
aut Follls^ 2. 

ut & Llbrls, 3. Arborum ; 
praesertim 

Arbusculae ^gyptiae, 
cui nomen erat Papyrus. 

Nunc Charta est in usu, 
quam Chattopoeus 



r ^H J 



maketh in a Paper-mill^ 4. 
oi Linen rags^ 5. 
stamped to Mash, 6. 
which being taken up in 
Frames^ 7. 

he spreadeth into Sheets^ 8. 
and setteth them in the Air 
that they may be dryed. 

Twenty-five of these 
make a Quire, 9. 
twenty Quires a Ream^ 10. 
and ten of these 
a Bale of Paper ^ 1 1 . 

That which is to last 
long is written on Parch- 
menty 12. 



in mola Papyracea^/^. confic- 

it d Linteis vetustis, 5. 

in Pulmentum contusis, 6. 

quod haustum 

NormuliSy 7. 

diducit in Plagulas, 8. 

exponitque aeri, 

ut siccentur. 

Harum XXV. 
faciunt Scapum^ 9. 
XX. Scapi Volumen minus, 
10. horum X. 
Volumen majus, 11. 

Duraturum diu 
scribitur in Mem- 
brana, 12. 



Printing. 



XCIV, 



Typographia. 




The Printer hath 
metal Letters 
in a large number 
put into Boxes, 5. 

The Compositor^ i. 



Typographus habet 
Typos Metallos, 
magno numero dis- 
tributos per Loculamenta^^. 

Typotheta, i. 



r"5; 



taketh them out one by one 

-and according to the Copy^ 

(which he hath fastened 

before him in a Visorum^ 2.) 

composeth words 

in a Composing- sticky 3. 

till a Line be made ; 

he putteth these in a Gally^ 

4. till a jPage, 6. be made, 

and these again in a Form^ 

7. and he locketh them up 

in Iron Chases^ 8. 

with Coyns, 9. 

lest they should drop out, 

and putteth them under 

the Press^ \ o. 

Then the Press-man 
ibeateth it over 
with Printers Ink^ 
by means of Balls, 11. 
spreadeth upon it the Pa- 
pers put in the Frisket, 12. 
which being put 
under the Spindle, 14. 
on the Coffin, 13. 
and pressed down with a 
3ar, 15. he maketh 
to take impression. 



eximit illos singulatim, 
& secundum exemplar, 
(quod habet praefixum 
sibi Retinaculo, 2.) 
componit Verba 
Gnomone, 3. 
donee versus fiat ; 
hos indit Formce, 4. 
donee Pagina, 6. fiat ; 
has iterum Tabuld compos- 
iforid, 7. coarctaque eos 
Marginibus ferrets, 8. 
ope Cochlearum, 9. 
ne dilabantur, 
ac subjicit 
Prelo, 10. 

Tum Impressor 
illinit 

Atramento impressorio 
ope Pilarum, 1 1 . 
super imponit Chartas 
inditas Operculo, 12. 
quas subditas 
Trochlea, 14. 
in Tigello, 13. 
& impressas 
Suculd, 15. facit 
imbibere typos. 



r ii6; 
xcv. 



The Booksellers Shop. 



Bibliopolium. 




The Bookseller^ i 
selleth Books 
in a Booksellers Shop^ 2. 
of which he writeth 
a Catalogue^ 3. 

The Books are placed 
on Shelves^ 4. 

and are laid open for use 
upon a Desk, 5. 

A Multitude of Books 
is called a Library, 6. 



Bibliopola, i. 
vendit Libros 
in Bibliopolio, 2. 
quorum conscribit 
Cataloguing 3. 

Libri disponuntur 
per Repositoria, 4. 
& exponuntur ad usum^ 
super Pluteum, 5. 

Multitudo Librorum 
vocatur Bibliotheca, 6. 



The Book-binder. 



Bibliopegus. 




In times past they 
glewed Paper to Paper, 
.and rolled them up to- 
gether into one Roll^ i. 

At this day 
the Book-binder ■ 
bindeth Books, 
whilst he wipeth, 2. over 
Papers steept in Gum-wa- 
ter^ and then foldeth them 
together, 3. 

beatheth with a hammer, 4. 
then stitrheth them up, 5. 
presseth them in a Press,6. 
which hath two Screws^ 7. 

glueth them on the back, 
cutteth off the edges 
with a round K?itfe, 8. 
and at last covereth them 
with Parchment or Leather^ 
9. maketh them handsome, 
and setteth on Clasps^ 10. 



Olim agglutinabant 
Chartam Chartae, 
convolvebantque eas 
in unum Volumen^ i, 

Hodie 
Compactor 
compingit Libros, 
dum tergit, 2. 
chartas maceratas aqua 
glutinosd^ deinde 
complicat, 3. 
malleat, 4. 
tum consult, 5. 
conprimit Prelo^ 6. 
quod habet duos Cochleas,"/. 

conglutinat dorso, 

demarginat 

rot undo Cultro, 8. 

tandem vestit 

Membrand vel Corio^ 9. 

efformat, 

& affigit Uncinulos^ 10. 



A Book. 



XCVII. 



Liber. 




A Book 
as to its outward shape, 
is either in Folio, i. 
or in Quarto, 2. 
in Octavo, 3. 
in JDuodecimo, 4. either 
made to open Side-wise, 5. 
or Long -wise, 6. 
with Brazen Clasps^ 7. 
or Strings, 8. 
and Square-bofles, 9. 

Within are Leaves, 10. 
with two Pages, 
sometimes divided with 
Columns, 11. 
and Marginal Notes, 12. 



Liber, 
quoad exteriorem formant 
est vel in Folia, 1. 
vel in Quarto, 2. 
in Octavo, 3. 
in Duodecimo, 4. 
vel Columnatus, 5. 
vel Linguatus, 6. 
cum JE,neis Clausuris, 7. 
vel Ligulis, 8. 
& angularibus Bullis, 9. 

Intiis sunt i^^//fl, 10. 
duabis Paginis^ 
laliquando Columnis^ 11. di- 
visa cumq; 
N Otis Mar ginalibus, 12. 



A School. 



Schola. 




A School, I. 
is a Shop in which 
Young Wits are fashion'd 
to vertue, and it is 
distinguish'd into Forms. 

The Master, 2. 
sitteth in a Chair, 3. 
the Scholars, 4. 
in Forms, 5. 
he teacheth, they learn. 

Some things 
are writ down before them 
with Chalk on a Table, 6. 

Some sit 
at a Table, and write, 7. 
he mendeth their Faults, 8. 

Some stand and rehearse 
things committed to 
memory, 9. 

Some talk together, 10. 
and behave themselve? 
wantonly and carelessly ; 



Schola, 1. 
est Officina, in qua 
Novelli Animi formantur 
ad virtutem, & 
distinguitur in Classes, 

Prceceptor, 2. 
sedet in Cathedra, 3. 
Discipuli, 4. 
in Subselliis, 5. 
ille docet, hi discunt. 

Quaedam 
praescribuntur illis 
Cretd in Tabella, 6. 

Quidam sedent 
ad Mensam, & scribunt, 7. 
ipse corrigit Mendas, 8. 

Quidam stant, & reci- 
tant mandata 
memoriae, 9. 

Quidam confabulantur^ 
10. ac gerunt se 
petulantes, & negligentes; 



( I20 J 



these are chastised 
with a Fe7'7'ula. ii. 
and a i?(^^, 12. 



hi castigantur 
Fei'uld (baculo), ti, 
& Virgd^ 12. 



The Study. 



XCIX. 



Museum. 




The Study ^ 1. 
is a place where a Student, 
2, apart from Men, 
sitteth alone, 
addicted to his Studies, 
whilst he readeth Books, 3. 
which being within his 
reach he layeth open up- 
on a Desk, 4. and picketh 
all the best things out of 
them into his own Manual^ 
5. or marketh them in 
them with a Dash, 6. 
or a little Star, 7. 
in the Margent. 

Being to sit up late. 



Museum, 1. 
est locus ubi Studiosus, 2. 
secretus ab Hominibus,' 
sedet solus 
deditus Studiis, 
dum lectitat Libros, 3. 
quos penes se 
& exponit super 
Fhiteum, 4. & excerpit 
optima quaeque ex illis 
in Manuale suum, 5. 
notat in illis 
Liturd, 6. 
vel Aster is CO, 7. 
ad Margiem. 

Lucubraturus, 



he setteth a Candle, 8. 
on a Candlestick, 9. 
which is snuffed with Snuf- 
fers, 10. before the Candle? 
he placeth a Screen, 11. 
which is green, that it may 
not hurt his eye-sight ; 
richer Persons use a Taper, 
for a Tallow-candle stink- 
«th and smoaketh. 

A Letter, 12. is wrapped 
up, writ upon, 13. 
and sealed, 14. 

Going abroad by night, 
he maketh use of a Lan- 
Morn, 15. or a Torch, 16. 



r 121; 

elevat Lychnmn {Ca?ielam), 
8. in Candelabra, 9. 
qui Qxn.\iT\^\\.\xr Emunctorio, 
10. ante Lynchum collo- 
cat Umbraculum, 11. 
quod viride est, ne hebe- 
tet oculorum aciem ; 
opulentiores utuntur Cere0 
nam Candela sebacea 
foetet & fugimat. 

Epistola, 1 2. complicatur, 
inscribitur, 13. 
& obsignatur, 14. 

Prodiens noctu 
wXXtwx Lanterna, 15. 
vel Face, 16. 



C. 



Arts belonging to Speech. 




Xjrrammar, 1. 



Artes Sermones. 

I Gra??i7nattca. 1. 



( 122 ) 



is conversant about Letters, 
2. of which it maketh 
WordSyT,. and teacheth how 
to utter, write, 4. put to- 
gether and part them 
rightly. 

Rhetoric ky 5. 
doth as it were paint, 6. 
a rude form, 7. 
of Speecfi with Oratory 
Flourishes, 8. 
such as are Figures, 
Flegancies, 
Adagies, 
Apothegms, 
Sentences, 
Similies, 
Hierogylphicks, k^c. 

Poetry, 9. 
gathereth these Flowers of 
Speech, 10. 

and tieth them as it were 

into a little Garland, 11.. 

and so making of Prose 

a Poem, 

it maketh several sorts of 

Verses and Odes, 

and is therefore crowned 

with a Laurel, 12. 

Music k, 13. 
setteth Tunes, 14. 
with pricks, 

to which it setteth words, 
and so singeth alone, 
or in Consort, 
or by Voice, or 
Musical Instruments, 15. 



versatur circa Literas, 2. 
ex quibus componit VoceSy, 
verba, 3. docetqueelo- <>i^ 
qui, scribere, 4. constru- 
ere, distinguere (inter- 
pungere) eas recte. 

Rhetoric a, 5. 
pingit, 6. quasi 
rudem for7?ia??i, 7. 
Sermon is Oratoriis 
Pig mentis, 8. 
ut sunt Figures, 
FleganticE, 
Adagia (proverbia) 
Apothegmata, 
Sententice (Gnomae) 
Si mi Ha, 
Hieroglyphica, 6^^. 

Poesis, 9. 
coliigit hos Flores 
Orationis, 10. 

& colligat quasi 

in Coralla?n, 11. 

atque ita, faciens q prosa 

ligatafn orationem, 

componi varia 

Carmina & Hy^nnos {Odas^ 

ac propterea coronatur 

Lauru, 12. 

Musica, 13. 
componit Melodias, 14. 
Notis, 

quibus aptat verba, 
atque ita cantat sola 
vel Coticentu (Symphonia), 
aut voce aut 
Instrumentis Musicis, 15.. 



Musical Instruments. CI. Instrumenta musica. 




Musical Instruments are 
those which make a sound: 

First, 
when they are beaten upon, 
as a Cymbal^ i. with a Festil, 
a little Bell, 2. 
with an Iron pellet within ; 
or Rattle, 3. 
by tossing it about: 
a Jews-Trump, 4. 
being put to the mouth, 
with the fingers; 
a Drum, 5 . 
and a Kettle, 6. 
with a Drum-stick, 7. 
as also the Dulcimer, 8. 
with the Shepherds-harp, 9. 
and the Tymbrel, 10. 

Secondly, 
upon which strings are 
stretched,and struck upon, 
as the Psaltery, 1 1 . 



Musica instrumenta sunt 
quae edunt vocem : 

Primo, 
cum pulsantur, 
ut Cymbalum, 1. Pistillo, 
Tintinnabulum, 2. 
intus Globulo ferreo, 
Crepitaculum, 3. 
circumversando ; 
Crembalum, 4. 
ori admotum, 
Digito; 
Tympanum, 5. 
& Ahenum, 6. 

Claviculd, 7. 

ut & Sambuca, 8. 

cum Organo pastoritio, 9. 

& Sistrum (Crotalum), 10. 

Secundo, 
in quibus Chordce 
intenduntur & plectuntur 
ut Nablium, 11. 



f 124 ; 



and the Virginals, 12. 

with both hands; 

the Lute, 13. 

(in which is the Neck, 14. 

the Belly, 15, 

the Pegs, 16. 

by which the Strings, 17. 

are stretched 

upon the Bridge, 18.) 

the Citter?i, 19. 

with the right hand only, 

the Vial, 20. 

with a Bow, 21., 

and the Harp, 23. 

with a Wheel within, 

which is turned about : 

the Stops, 22. 

in every one are touched 

with the left hand. 

At last, 
those which are blown, 
as with the mouth, 
the Flute, 24. 
the Shawm, 25. 
the Bag-pipe, 26. 
the Cornet, 27. 
the Trumpet, 28, 29, 
or with Bellows, 
as 2i pair of Organs, 30. 



cum Clavircordio, 12. 

utrdque manu ; 

Testudo (Chelys), 13. 

(in qua Jugum, 14. 

Magadiiwi, 15. 

& Verticilli, 16. 

quibus Nervi, 17. 

intenduntur 

su'^QT Ponticulam, 18.) 

& Cythara, 19, 

Dexterd tantum, 

Pandura, 20. 

Plectra, 21. 

& Lyra, 23. 

intus rotd, 

quae versatur : 

Dimensiones, 22. 

in singulis tanguntur 

sinistra. 

Tandem 
quae inflantur, 
ut Ore, 

Fistula {Tibia), 24. 
Gingras, 25. 
Tibia utricularis, 26. 
Lituus, 27. 

Tuba, 28. Buccina, 29. 
vel Follibus, ut 
Organum pneufjtaticum, 30. 



Philosophy. 



Philosophia, 




The Naturalist^ i. 
vieweth all the works of 
God in the World. 

The Supernaturalist^ 2. 
searches out the Causes 
and Effects of things. 

The Arithmetician^ 
reckoneth numbers^ 
by adding, subtracting, 
multiplying and dividing; 
and that either by Cyphers^ 
3. on a Slate^ 
or by Counters^ 4. 
upon a Desk. 

Country people reckon, 5. 
with figures of tens, X. 
2iTvdi figures of five , V. 
by twelves, fifteens, 
and threescores. 



Physicus, 1. 
speculatur omnia Dei 
Opera in Mundo, 

Metaphysicus, 2. 
perscrutatur Causas, 
& rerum Effecta, 

Arithmeticus 
com pu tat ?tumeros, 
addendo, subtrahendo, 
multiplicando, dividendo;., 
idque vel Cyphris, 3. 
in Falinwcesto, 
vel Calculis, 4. 
super Abacum, 

Rustici numerant, 5, 
Decussibus, X. 
& Quincuncibus^ V. 
per DuodenaSy QuindenaSy 
& Sexagenas. 



Oeometry. 



Geometria, 




A Geometrician 
measureth the height of 
a Tower ^ i . . . . 2 . 
or the distance 
oi places, 3 ... .4. 
either with a Quadrant, 5. 
or a Jacob' s-staff, 6. 

He maketh out the 
Figicres of things, 
with Lines, 7. 
Angles, 8. 
and Circles, 9. 
by a Rule, 10. 
a Square, 1 1 . 
and a />^/V of Compasses, 1 2 . 

Out of these arise 
an Oval, 13. 
a Triangle, 14. 
a Quadrangle^ 15. 
and other figures. 



Geometra 
metitur Altitudinem 
Turris, 1 .... 2. 
aut distantiam 
Locorum, 3 .... 4. 
sive Quadrante, 5. 
sive Radio, 6. 

Designat 
Figuras rerum 
Lineis, 7, 
Angulis, 8. 
& Circulii, 9. 
ad Regulam, 10. 
Normam. 1 1. 
& Circinum, 12. 

Ex his oriuntur 

CylindruSy 13. 
Trig onus 14. 
Teiragonus, 15. 
& aliae figurae. 



( >27 J 

The Celestial Sphere. CIV. 



Sphera caelestis. 




Astronomy considereth 
the motion of the Stars^ 
Astrology 
the Eflfects of them. 

The Globe of Heaven 
is turned about upon an 
Axle-tree^ i. 
about the Globe of the 
Earthy 2. in the 
space of XXIV. hours. 

The Pole-stars^ or Pole^ 
the Arctick^ 3. 
the Antarcttck, 4. 
conclude the Axle-tree 
at both ends. 

Tht Heaven is full of 
Stars every where. 

There are reckoned above 
a thousand fixed Stars j 
but of Constellations 
towards the Norths XXI. 
towards the Souths XVI. 



Astronomia considerat 
motus Astroruniy 
Astrologia 
eorum EfFectus. 

Globus Coeli 
volvitur 
super Axem^ i. 
circa globum 
terrce^ 2. 
spacio XXIV. horarum. 

Stellce polar eSy 
Arcticus, 3. 
Antarcticus, 4. 
finiunt Axem 
utrinque. 

Caelum est 
Stellatum undique. 

Stellarum fixarum 
numerantur plus milk ; 
Siderum vero 
Septentrionarium, XXI. 
Meridionalium^ XVI. 



r 128; 



Add to these the XII, 
signs of the Zodiaque^ 5. 
every one XXX. degrees, 
whose names are T Ai-ies 
b Taurus^ n Gemini^ 
£3 Cancer^ Q Z<?(?, fUl Virgo^ 
==: Libra, ""L Scorpius, 
^ SagittariuSy \3 Cap7^icor, 
^ Aquarius, K Pisces. 

Under this move the 
seven Wandring- stars 
which they call Planets, 
whose way is a circle in 
the middle of the Zodiack, 
called the Ecliptick, 6. 

Other Circles are 
the Horizon, 7. 
the Meridian, 8. 
the ^Equator, 9. 
the two Colures, the 
one of the Equinocts, 10. 
(of the Spring 
when the % entreth into T; 
Autumnal 

when it entreth in ^) 
the other of the Solstices, 1 1 . 
{of the Summer, 
when the # entreth into © 
of the Winter 
when it entreth into V3) 
the Tropic ks, 

the Tropic k of Cancer, 12. 
the Tropick of Capricorn, 1 3 . 
and the two 
Polar Circles, 1 4 . . . . 1 5 . 



Adde Signa, XII. 
Zodiaci, 5. 

quodlibet graduum, XXX. 
.quorum nomina sunt 
T Aries, b Taurus, n 6^(f;«. 
2p Cancer, Q Z^<7, "HJl Virgo, 
^ Libra, ""l Scorpius, 

— Sagittarius, V3 Capricor7i,. 

^ Aquarius, ^ Pisces. 

Sub hoc cursitant 
Stellce. err antes VII. 
quas vocant Planetas, 
quorum via est Circulvs^ 
in medio Zodiaci, 
dictus Ecliptica, 6. 

Alii Circuli sunt 
LLoi'izon, 7. 
Meridianus, 8. 
Equator, 9. 
duo Coluri, 

alter ^quinoxiorum, 10. 
( Verni, 

quando # ingreditur "f ; 
Autumnalis, 
quando ingreditur =^) 
zXtQi Solsticiorum, 11. 
{^stivi, 

quando # ingreditur ©-^ 
ifyberni, 

quando ingreditur V3) 
duo Tropici, 
Tr. Cancri, 12. 
Tr. Capricorni, 13. 
& duo 
Polares, 14. ... 15. 



( 129 ) 

CIV. 
The Aspects of the Planets. 




Planetarum Aspectus. 



The Moon 
runneth through the Zodi- 
ack every Month. 

The Su7i^ # in a Year. 

Mercury^ ?^ and Venus ^ ? 
about the Sun, the one 
in a hundred and fifteen, 
the other in 585 days. 

Mars, $ in two years ; 

Jupiter, % 
in almost twelve; 

Saturn, ^ 
in thirty years. 

Hereupon they meet va- 
riously among themselves, 
and have mutual Aspects 
one towards another. 



Luna 
percurrit Zodiacum 
singulis Mensibus. 

Sol, # Anno. 

Mercurius, ^ & Venus, ? 
circa Solem, ilia 

cxv., 

haec DLXXXV. Diebus. 

Mars, 5 Biennio; 

Jupiter, U 
fere duodecim ; 

Saturnus, '^ 
triginta annis. 

Hinc conveniunt varie 
inter se 
& se mutuo 
adspiciunt. 



( ^3o) 



As here the ® and ^ are 

in Conjunction, 
O and Moon in Opposition^ 
©and ^ in a Trine Aspect^ 
and U in a Quartile^ 
©and i in a Sextile. 



Ut hie sunt, ® & 5 
in Conjunctione^ 
© and Luna in OppositionCy 
© & ^ in Trigone ^ 
© & if in Quadratura^ 
© & 5 in Sextili. 



CV. 

The Apparitions of the Moon. 




Phases 
The Moon shineth 
not by her own Light 
but that which is bor- 
rowed of the Sun. 

For the one half of it 
is always enlightned, the 
other remaineth darkish. 
Hereupon we see it in 
Conjunction with the Sun^i, 
to be obscure, almost none 
at all ; in Opposition^ 5. 



Lunae. 

Luna^ lucet 
non sua propria Luce^ 
sed mutuatd 
a Sole. 

Nam altera ejus medie- 
tas semper illuminatur, 
altera manet caliginosa. 

Hinc videmus, 
in Conjunctione SoliSy 1. 
obscuram, imo nullam : 
in OppositionCj 5. 



ri3i; 



whole and clear, 
(and we call it 
the Full Moon y) 
sometimes in the half, 
(and we call it the^rm^, 3. 
and last Quarter^ 7.) 

Otherwiseitwaxeth,2. . 4. 
or waneth, 6. . , 8. 
and is said to be horned^ 
or more than half round. 



totam & lucidam, 

(& vocamus 

Plenilunium •) 

alias dimidiam, 

(& dicimus Primaniy 3. 

& ultimam Quadrant^ 7.) 

Caeteroqui crescit, 2.. 4. 

aut decrescit, 6 .8. 

& voc?L.t\ir falcata, 
vel gib bos a. 



The Eclipses. 



CVl. 



Eclipses. 




The Sun 
is the fountain of light, 
inlightning all things, 
but the Earthy 1. 
and the Moon^ 2. 
being shady bodies, are not 
pierced with its rays, for 

they cast a shadow upon 
the place just over against 
them. 

Therefore, 
when the Moon lighteth 



Sol 
est fons Lucis, 
illuminans omnia; 
sed Terra^ i. 
& Luna, 2. 
Corpora opaca, non 
penetrantur ejus radiis, 

nam jaciunt umbram 
in locum oppositum. 

Ideo 
cum Luna incidit 



f 132 J 



into the shadow of the 
Earthy 2. it is darkened, 
which we call an Eclipse^ 
or defect. 

But when xSi^Moon run- 
neth betwixt the Sun 
and the Earthy 3. 
it covereth it with its 
shadow; and this we call 
the Eclipse of the Siiii^ 
because it taketh from us 
the sight of the Sun^ 
and its light ; 
neither doth the Sun for 
all that suffer any thing, 
but the Earth. 



in umbram 
TerrcE., 2. obscuratur 
quod vocamus Eclipsin 
(deliquium) Lunce. 

Cum vero Luna currit 
inter Solem 
& Terr am., 3. 

obtegit ilium umbra sua; 
& hoc vocamus 
Eclipsin Soils., 
quia adimit nobis 
prospectum Soils., 
& lucem ejus; 
nee tamen Sol 
patitur aliquid, 
sed Terra. 



CVII. a 
The terrestial Sphere. 




Sphera terrestris. 



The Earth is round, and 
therefore to be represented 
by two Hemispheres, a . . b. 

The Circuit of it 



Terra est rotunda, 
fingenda igitur 
d u o b u s HeMispheriis., a . . b , 

Ambitus ejus 



( 133 J 



is 360 degrees 

(whereof every one maketh 
60 English Miles 
or 21600 Miles,) 
and yet it is but a prick, 
compared with the World, 
whereof it is the Centre. 
They measure Longi- 
tude of it by Clhnates^ i . 
and the Latitude 
by Parallels, 2. 

The Ocean^ 3. compasseth 
it about, and five Seas wash 
it, the Mediterranean Sea^ 4. 
t\iQ Baltic k Sea, 5. the Red 
Sea, 6. the Persian Sea, 7. 
and the Caspian. Sea, 8. 



est graduuni CCCLX. 
(quorum quisque facit 
LX. Milliaria Anglica 
vel 21600 Milliarium) 
& tamen est punctum, 
collata cum orbe, 
cujus Cetitrum est. 

Longitudinem ejus 
dimetiuntur Climatibus, i. 

Latitudinem, 
lineis Parallelis, 2. 

Oceafiiis, 3. ambit eam 
& Maria V. perfundunt 

Mediterraneum, 4. 
Balticicm, 5. Erythrceum, 6. 
Per si cum, 7. 
Caspium, 8. 



CVII. b 
The terrestial Sphere. 




Sphera terrestris. 



It is divided into V. Zones, 
whereof the II. frigid ones, 
■9.... 9. 



Distribuitur in Zonas V., 
quarum dxxd^ frigidce, 
9. ...9. 



r 134; 



are uninhabitable ; 
the II. Temperate ones, 10 
. . 10. and the Torrid one, 
II. habitable. 

Besides it is divided 
into three Continents \ 
this of ours, 12. which is 
subdivided into Europe^i^, 
Asia^ 14. Africa, 15. 
America, 16. ... 16. 

(whose Inhabitants are 
Antipodes to us;) 
and the South Land, 1 7 . . 1 7. 
yet unknown. 

They that dwell underthe 
North pole, 1 8. have the days 
and nights 6 months long. 

Infinite Islands 
float in the Seas. 



sunt inhabitabiles ; 
duae Temperatce, 10....1O'. 
& Torrida, 11. 
habitantur. 

Ceterum divisa est 
in tres Continentes j 
nostram, 12. quae subdi- 
viditur in Europam, 13. 
Asiam, 14. & Africam, 15. 
in Americani, 16 .16. 

(cujus incolae 
sunt Antipodes nobis;) 
& in Terr am Australem, 17 
. . 17. adhuc incognitam. 
Habitantes sub Arcto, 
18. habent Dies 
Noctes semestrales, 

Infinitae Insula 
natant in maribus. 



Europe. 



CVIII. 



Europa. 




The chief Kingdoms of 
Europe^ are 



In Eur op d nostrd 
sunt Regna primaria, 



ri35; 



Spain^ I. 
France^ 2. 
Italy, 3. 
England, 4. 
Scotland, 5. 
Ireland, 6. 
Germany, 7. 
Bohemia, 8. 
Hungary, 9. 
Croatia, 10. 
Dacia, 11. 
Sclavonia, 12. 
Greece, 13. 
Thrace, 14. 
Podolia, 15. 
Tartary, 16. 
Lituania, 17. 
Poland, 18. 
The Netherlands, 19. 
Denmark, 20. 
Norway, 21. 
Swethland, 22. 
Lapland, 23. 
Finland, 24. 
Lis land, 25. 
Prussia, 26, 
Muscovy y 27. 
and Russia, 28. 



Hispania, 1. 
Gallia, 2. 
Italia, 3. 

Anglia (Britania), 4. 
Scotia, 5. 
Hibernia, 6. 
Ger mania, 7. 
Bohemia, 8. 
Hungaria, 9. 
Croatia, 10. 
Dacia, 11. 
Sclavonia, 12. 
Grcecia, 1 3 . 
Thracia, 14. 
Podolia, 15. 
Tartaria, 16. 
Lituania, 17. 
Po Ionia, 18. 
Belgium, 19. 
Dania, 20. 
Norvegia, 21. 
Suecia, 22. 
Lappia, 23. 
Finnia, 24. 
Livonia, 25. 
Borussia, 26. 
Muscovia, 27. 
Russia, 28. 



Moral Philosophy, 



r 136; 

CIX. 



Ethica. 




T. This Li/e is a way, 

or a J>lace divided into two 

ways, like 

Pythagoras' s Letter Y. 

broad, 1. 

on the left hand track ; 

narrow, 2. on the right; 
that belongs to Vice, 3. 
this to Vei'tue, 4. 

Mind, Young Man, 5. 
imitate Hercules : 
leave the left hand way, 
turn from Vice ; 
the Entrance, 6. is fair, 
but the End, 7. 
is ugly and steep down. 

Go on the right hand, 
though it be thorny, 8. 
no way is unpassible to 
vertue; follow whither 
vertue leadeth 



Vita haec est via, 
sive Bivium, 
simile 

Litterae Pithagoricce Y. 
latum, 1. 
sinistro tramite 
angustum, 2. dextro; 
ille Vitii, 3. est 
hie Virtutis, 4. 

Adverte juvenis, 5. 
imitare HerciUem; 
linque sinistram, 
aversare Vitium ; 
Aditus speciosus, 6. 
sed Exitus, 7. 
turpis & prseceps. 

Dextera ingredere, 
utut spinosa, 8. 
nulla via invia 
virtuti ; sequere qua viA 
ducit virtus 



( 137 J 



through narroia places 

to stately palaces^ 

to the Tower of honour^ 9. 

Keep the middle 
and streight/^/y^, and 
thou shalt go very safe. 

Take heed thou do not 
go too much on the right 
hand, 10. 

Bridle in, 12. the wild 

Horse, n. of Affection, lest 
thou fall down headlong. 

See thou dost not go 
amiss on the left hand, 13. 
in an ass-like sluggishness, 
14. but go onwards con- 
stantly, persevere to the 
end, and thou shalt be 
crown'd, 15. 



per angustay 

ad augusta, 

ad Arc em honoris ^ 9. 

Tene medium & 
rectum tramitem; 
ibis tutissimus. 

Cave excedas 
ad dextram, 10. 

Compesce freno, 12. 
equum ferocem, 11, Affec- 
ttis ne praeceps fias. 

Cave 
deficias ad sinistram, 13. 
segnitie asinina, 14. 
sed progredere constanter 
pertende ad 
finem, & coro- 
naberis, 15. 



Prudence. 



ex. 



Prudentia. 




Prudence y 1. 
looketh upon all things 



Prudentia^ 1. 
circumspectat omnia 



r '38; 



as a Serpent^ 2. 

and doeth, speaketh, or 

thinketh nothing in vain. 

She looks backwards^ 3. 
as into a Looking-glass ^ 4. 
to things past ; 
and seeth before her^ 5. 
as with a Perspective-glass^ 
7. things to comey 
or the .£'«^, 6. 
and so she perceiveth 
what she hath done, and 
what remaineth to be done. 

She proposeth 
an Honesty Profitable and 
withal, if it may be done, 
a Pleasant End, 
to her Actions. 

Having foreseen the End, 
she looketh out Means, 
as a Way, 8. 

which leadeth to the End; 
but such as are certain 
and easie, and fewer 
rather than more, lest 
anything should hinder. 

She watcheth Opportuni- 
ty^ 9. (which having 
a bushy fore-head, 10. 
and being bald-pated, 11. 
and moreover 
having wings, 1 2. 
doth quickly slip away,) 
and catcheth it. 

She goeth on her way 
warily, for fear she should 
stumble or go amiss. 



ut Serpens, 2. 
agitque, loquitur, aut 
cogitat nihil incassum. 

Respicit, 3. 
tanquam in Speculum, 4. 
ad prceterita ; 
%i prospicit, 5. 
tanquam Telescopio, 7. 
Futura, 
seu Finem, 6. 
atque ita perspicit 
quid egerit, 
& quid restet agendum. 

Actionibus suis 
praefigit Scopum, 
Honestum, Utilem, 
simulque, si fieri potest, 

y^ucundum. 

Pine prospecto, 
dispicit Media, 
ceu Viam, 8. 
quae ducit ad finem, 

sed certa & facilia ; 

pauciora potius 

quam plura, 

ne quid impediat. 

Attendit Occasioni, 9. 
(quae 

Fronte Capillata, 10. 
sed vertice calva, 11. 
adhaec 
alata, i 2. 
facile elabitur) 
eamque captat. 

In vid pergit caut^ (pro- 
vide) ne impingat 
aut aberret. 



Diligence 




Sedulitas. 



Diligence^ i. loveth la- 
bours, avoideth Sloth^ 
is always at work, 
like the Pismire^ 2. 
and carrieth together, as 
she doth, for herself, 
Store of all things, 3. 

She doth not always 
sleep, or make holidays, 
as the Sluggard^ 4. 
and the Grashopper^ 5. do, 
whom Want^ 6. 
at the last overtaketh. 

Shepursueth what things 
she hath undertaken chear- 
fully, even to the end ; 
she putteth nothing off till 
the morrow, nor doth she 
sing the Crow's song, 7. 
which saith over and over, 



Sedulitas^x. amat laboreSy 
fugit Ignaviam^ 
semper est in opere^ 
ut Formica^ 2. 
& comportat, ut ilia, 
sibi, 
omnium rerum Copiam^ 3. 

Non semper 
dormit, ferias agit, aut 
ut Ignavus^ 4. 
& Cicada^ 5. 
quos Inopia, 6. 
tandem premit. 

Urget 
incepta alacriter 
ad finem usque; 
procrastinat nihil, 
nee 

cantat cantilenam Corvi^ 7. 
qui ingeminat 



( i^oj 



Cras, Cras. 

After labours undergofte^ 
and ended, 
being even wearied, 
she resteth her self; 
but being refreshed with 
Rest^ that she may not use 
her self to/^/^;z<?i"i", she fall- 
eth again to her Business^ 

A diligent Scholar 
is like Bees, 8. 
which carry honey 
from divers Flowers, 9. 
into their Hive, 10. 



Cras, Cras, 

Post labor es 
exantlatos, 
& lassata, 
quiescit; 

sed recreata Quiete, 
ne adsuescat 
Otio, redit 
ad N ego Ha. 

Diligens Discipulus, 
similis est Apibus, 8. 
qui congerunt mel 
ex variis Floribus, 9. 
in Alveare suum, 10. 



Temperance. 



CXII. 



Temperantia. 




Te??tpera?ice, 1. 
prescribeth a mean 
to meat and drink, 2. 
and restraineth the desire, 
as with a Bridle, 3. 



Temperantia, j. 
praescribit ?nodu?n 
Cibo & Potui, 2. 
& continet cupidinem, 
ecu Freno, 3. 



ri4i; 



and so moderateth all 
things, lest any thing too 
much be done. 

Revellers 
are made driaik^ 4. 
they stumble^ 5. 
they spue^ 6. 
and babble, 7. 

From Drunkenness 
proceedeth Lasciviousness j 
from this a lewd Life 
amongst Whoremasters, 8. 
and Whores, 9. 
in kissing, 
touching, 
embraci7ig, 
and dancing, 10. 



& sic moderator omnia 
ne quid 
nimis fiat. 

Heluones (ganeones) 
inebriantur, 4. 
titubant, 5. 

ructant (vomunt), 6. 
& rixantur, 7. 

E Crapula 
oritur Lascivia ; 
ex hac Vita libidinosa 
inter Fornicator es, 8. 
& Scorta, 9. 
osculando (basiando), 
palpando, 
a?nplexa?ido, 
& tripudiando, 10. 



Fortitude. 



CXIII. 



Fortitudo. 




Fortitude, 1. 
is undaunted in adversity, 



Fortitudo, 1. 
impavida est in adversis, 



(1^2) 



and bold as a Zt'on^ 2. but 
not haughty in Prosperity, 
leaning on her own Pillar^ 
3. Constancy^ and be- 
ing the same in all things, 
ready to undergo both es- 
tates with an even mind. 

She receiveth the strokes 
of Misfortune 
with the Shield^ 4. 
oi Sufferance : and 
keepeth off the Passions^ 
the enemies of quietness 
with the Sword^ 5. 
of Valour. 



& confidens ut Leo^ 2. at 
non tumida in Secundis, 
innixa suo Columini^ 3. 
Constantice ; & 
eadem in omnibus, 
parata ad ferendam utram- 
(\\iQ fortunam aequo animo. 

Excipit ictus 
Infortunii 
Clypeo, 4. 
ToleranticB : 
& propel lit Affectus, 
hostes Euthymiae 
gladio, 5. 
Virtutis. 



Patience. 



CXIV. 



Patientia. 




Patience^ i. 
endureth Calamities^ 2. 



Patientia^ i. 
tolerat CalamitateSy 2. 



r '43; 



and Wrongs^ 3. meekly 
like a Lamb^ 4. 
as the Fatherly chastise- 
ment of God^ 5 . 

In the meanwhile she 
leaneth upon the Anchor 
of Hope ^ 6. (as a Ship^ 7. 
tossed by waves in the Sea) 
she pray eth to God, 8. 
weeping, 

and expecteth the Sun, 10. 
after cloudy weather, 9. 
suffering evils, 
and hoping better things. 

On the contrary, 
the impatient person, 11. 
waileth, lamenteth, 
rag eth against himself, 1 2. 
grumbleth like a Dog, 13. 
and yet doth no good ; 
at the last he despaireth, 
and becometh his own 
Murtherer, 14. 

Being full of rage he de- 
sireth to revenge wrongs. 



& Injurias, 3. humiliter 
ut Agnus, 4. 

tanquam paternam fer- 
ulam Dei, 5. 

Interim 
innititur Spei 
Anchor ce, 6. (ut Navis, 7. 
fluctuans mari) 
Deo supplicat, 8. 
illacrymando, 
& expectat Phoebum, 10. 
post Nubila, 9. 
ferens mala, 
sperans meliora. 

Contra, 
Impatiens^ 11. 
plorat, lamentatur, 
debacchatur, 12. in seipsum, 
obmurmurat ut Canis, 13. 
& tamen nil proficit ; 
tandem desperat, 
& fit 
Autochir, 14. 

Furibundus cupit 
vindicare injurias. 



Humanity. 



Humanitas. 




Men are made 
for one another's good j 
therefore let them h^kind. 
Be thou sweet and lovely 
in thy Cou7itenance^ i. 
gentle and civil 
in thy Behaviour and Man- 
ners^ 2. 

affable and true spoken 
with thy Mouthy 3. 
affectionate and candid 
in thy Hearty 4. 

So love, 
and so shalt thou be loved; 
and there will be 
a mutual Friendships 5. 
as that of Turtle-doves ^ 6. 
hearty, gentle, and 
wishing well on both parts. 

Froward Men are 
hateful, teasty, unpleasant. 



Homines facti sunt 
ad mutua commoda ; 
ergo sint humani. 

Sis suavis & amabilis 
Vultu^ I. 

comis & urbanus 
Gestu ac MoiHbus^ 2. 

aflfabilis & verax. 
Ore, 3. 

can dens & candidus 
Corde, 4. 

Sic ama, 
sic amaberis ; 
& fiat 

mutua Amicitia, 5. 
ceu Turturum, 6. 
concors, mansueta, 
& benevola utrinque. 

Morosi homines, sunt 
odiosi, torvi, illepidi. 



( 145 ; 



contentious, angry^ 7. 

cruel, 8. 

and implacable, 

(rather Wolves and Lions, 

than Men) 

and such as fall out among 

themselves, hereupon 

they fight in a Duel, 9. 

Envy, I o, 
wishing ill to others, 
pineth away her self. 



contentiosi, iracundt, 7. 

crudeles^ 8. 

ac implacabiles, 

(magis Lupi & Leones, 

quam homines) 

& inter se discordes, 

hinc 

confligunt Duelle, 9. 

Invidia, 10. 
male cupiendo aliis, 
conficit seipsam. 



Justice. 



CXVI. 



Justitia. 




Justice, 1. 
is painted, sitting 
on a square stone, 2. for she 
ought to be immoveable ; 
with hood-winked eyes, 3. 
that she may not respect 
persons ; 
stopping the left ear, 4. 

L 



Justitia, 1. 
pingitur, sedens 
in lapide quadrato, 2. nam 
decet esse immobilis; 
obvelatis oculis, 3. 
ad non respiciendum 
personas ; 
claudens aurem sinistram, 4, 



(1^6 J 



to be reserved 

for the other party; 

Holding in her right 
Hand a Sword, 5. 
and a Bridle, 6. 
to punish 
and restrain evil men; 

Besides, 
a pair of Balances, 7 . 
in the right Scale, 8, where- 
of Deserts, 

and in the left, 9. 
Rewards being put, 
are made even one with 
another, and so good Men 
are incited to virtue, as it 
were with Spurs, 10. 

In Bargains, 11. 
let Men deal candidly, 
let them stand to their 
Covenants and Pro77iises j 
let that which is given one 
to keep, 

and that which is lent, 
be restored : 

let no man \iQ pillaged, 12. 
or hurt, 13. 

let every one have his own: 
these are the precepts of 
Justice. 

Such things as these are 
forbidden in God's ^th. and 
*jth. Cammandment, and 
deservedly punish'd on the 
Gallows and the Wheel, \ 4. 



reservandam 
alteri parti ; 

Tenens dextrd 
Gladiurn, 5. 
& FrcBnu7?i, 6. 
ad puniendum 
& coercendum malos ; 

Praeterea, 
Stater ain, 7. 
cujus dextrce Land, 8. 
Merita, 

SifiistrcB, 9. 

Prcemia imposita, 

sibi invicem exequantur, 

atque ita boni incitantur 

ad virtutem, 

ceu Calcaribus, 10. 

In Contractibus, 11. 
candidd agatur : 
stetur 

Pactis & Promissis; 
Depositum, 

& Mutuum, 

reddantur : 

nemo expiletur, 12. 

aut Icedatur, 13. 

suum cuique tribuatur : 

hsec sunt praecepta 

Justitiae. 

Talio prohibentur, 
quinto & septimo Dei 
Prcecepto, & 
merito puniuntur 
Cruce ac Rotd, 14. 



I^iberality. 



Liberalitas. 




Liberality^ i. 
keepeth a mean about 
Riches^ which she honestly 
seeketh, that she may have 
somewhat to bestow on 
them that want^ 2. 

She cloathetk, 3. 
nourisheth^ 4. 
and enricheth^ 5. 
these with a chearful court' 
tenance^ 6. 
and a winged hand^ 7. 

She submitteth her 
wealthy 8. to her self, not 
her self to it, as the covet- 
4)us man^ 9. doth, who hath, 
that he may have, and is 
not the Owner^ 
but the ^^^^r of his goods, 
and being unsatiable, 
always scrapeth together^ 10. 
with his Nails. 



Libe?'alitas, 1. 
servat modum circa 
Divitias^ quas honestd 
quaerit ut habeat 
quod largiatur 
Egenis^ 2. 

Hos vestit^ 3. 
nutrit, 4. 
ditat, 5. 
Vultu hilar i^ 6. 

& Ma7iu alatdy 7. 

Subjicit 
opes, 8. sibi, non 
se illis, ut AvaruSy 9. 
qui habet, 
ut habeat, & 
non est Possessor 
sed Custos bonorum suor- 
um, & insatiabilis, 
semper corradit^ 10. 
Unguibus suis. 



ri48; 



Moreover he spareth 
and keepeth, 
hoarding up^ ii. 
that he may always have. 

But the Prodigal, 12. 
badly spendeth thins^s 
well gotten, 
and at the last wanteth. 



Sed & parcit 
& adservat, 
occludefido, 1 1 . 
ut semper habeat. 

At Prodigus, 12. 
male disperdit 
bene parta, 
ac tandem eget. 



CXVIII. 

Society betwixt Man and Wife. 




Marriage 
was appointed by God 
in Paradise, for mutual 
help^ and the Propagation 
of mankind. 

A young man [a single man) 
being to be married, 
should be furnished 
either with Wealthy 
or a Trade and Science. 



Societas Conjugalis. 

Matrimonium 
institutum est a Deo 
in Paradiso, ad mutuum 
adjutoriujn^ %i propagationem^ 
generis humani. 

Vir 'yuvenis {Coelebs) 
conjugium initurus, 
instructus sit 
aut Opibus, 
aut Arte & Scientidj 



( 149 >> 



which may serve 
for getting a living ; 
that he may be able 
to maintain a Family. 

Then he chooseth himself 
2iMaid\\i2iX. x-s, Marriageable^ 
(or a Widow) 
whom he loveth ; never- 
theless a greater Regard 
is to be had of Virtue^ 
and Honesty^ 
than of Beauty or Portion. 

Afterwards, he doth not 
betroth her to himself 
closely, but entreateth 
for her as a Woer, 
first to the Father, i. 
and then the Mother, 2. 
or the Guardians, 
or Kinsfolks, by such 
as help to make the match, 3. 

When she is espous'd to 
him, he becometh the Bride- 
groom, 4. and she the Bride, 
5. and the Contract \^ made, 
and an I?istrume?tt of Dow- 
ry, 6. is written. 

At the last 
the Wedding is made, 
where they are joined to- 
gether by the Priest, 7. 
giving their Hands, 8. one 
to another, 
and Wedding-rings, 9. 
then they feast with the 
witnesses that are invited. 

After this they are called 
Husband and Wife; 
when she is dead he be- 
cometh a Widower. 



quae sit 

de pane lucrando ; 
ut possit 

sustentare Familiam. 
Deinde eligit sibi 
Virginem JVubilem, 
(aut Viduam) 
quam adamat ; ubi 
tamen major ratio 
habenda Virtutis 
& Honestatis, 
quam Formce aut Dotts. 

Posthsec, non clam des- 
pondet sibi earn, 
sed ambit, 
ut Procus, 
apud Patreni, i. 
& Matrem, 2. 
vel apud Tutor es, 
& Cognatos, per 
Pronubos, 3 . 

Ea sibi desponsa, 
fit Sponsus, 4. 
& ipsa Sponsa, 5, 
fiuntque Sponsalia, 
& scribitur Instrumentum 
Dotale, 6. 

Tandem 
fiunt Nuptice 
ubi copulantur 
a Sacerdote, 7. 
datis Manibus, 8. ultro ci- 
troque, 

& Annulis Nuptialibus, 9. 
tum epulantur cum 
invitatis testibus. 

Abhinc dicuntur 
Maritus & Uxor; 
hdc mortud ille fit 
Viduus. 



r 150; 

CXIX. 
The Tree of Consanguinity, 




Arbor Consan^uinitatis. 



In Consanguinity 
there touch a Man^ i. 
in Lineal Ascent ^ 
the Father 

(the Father-i7i-law)^ 2. 
and the Mother 
(the Mother-in-law)^ 3. 

the Grandfather^ 4. 
and the Grandmother^ 5. 
the Great Grandfather^ 6. 
and the Great Grandmother^ 
7. the great great 
Grandfather^ 8. 
the great great 
Grandmother^ 9. 
the great great Grand- 
father's Father, 10. 
th^ great great Grand- 
mother's Mother ^ II. 



Ho7ninem^ i. 
Consanguinitate attingunt^ 
z;z Linea ascendenti, 
Pater 

{Vitricus), 2. 
& Mater 
[JVoverca)y 3. 
Avus, 4. 
& ^z;/^, 5. 
Froavus, 6. 
& Froavia, 7. 

Adaz'us, 8. 

& Abavia^ 9. 

Atavus, 10. 



& Atavia^ 11 



r 15' J 



ihe great great Grand- 
father's Grandfather, 12. 
the great great Grand- 
mother s Grandmother, 13. 

Those beyond these are 
called Ancestors, 14. . . 14. 

In a Lineal descent, 
the Son {the son-in-law), 15, 
and the Daughter, {the 
Daughter-in-law), 16, 
the JSfephew, 17. 
and the Neece, 1 8, 
the Nephews Son, 19. and 
the Nephews Daughter, 20. 
the Nephews Nephew, 21. 
and the Neeces Neece, 2 2 . 
the Nephews Nephews 
Son, 23. 

the Neeces Neeces 
Daughter, 24. 
the Nephews Nephews Ne- 
phew, 25. 

the Neeces Neeces Neece, 26. 
Those beyond these are 
called J^ OS terity, 27. . . 27. 

In a Collateral Line are 
the Uncle by the Fathers 
side, 28. 

and the Aunt by the Fathers 
side, 29. 

the Uficle by the Mothers 
side, 30. 

and the Aunt by the Mo- 
thers side, 3 1 . 
the Brother, 32. 
and the Sister, 33. 
the Brothers Son, 34. 
the Sisters Son, 35. 
and the Cousin by the Bro- 
ther and Sister, 7,6. 



Tritavus, 1 2 . 
& Tritavia, 13. 

Ulteriores dicuntur 

Majores, 14. . . 14. 

Tn Linea descendenti, 
Filius {Privignus), 15. 
& Filia {Privigna), 16. 

Nepos, 17. 
& Neptis, 18. 
Pronepos, 19. 
& Proneptis, 26. 
A b nepos, 2 1 . 
& Abneptis, 22. 

Atnepos, 23. 
& Atneptis, 24. 

Trinepos, 25. 
& Tri neptis, 26. 
Ulteriores dicuntur 
Posteri, 27 ... . 27. 

In Linea Collaterali 
sunt Patruus, 28. 

& Ainita, 29. 

Avunculus, 30. 

& M alerter a, 3 1 . 

F rater, 32. 
& Soror, 33. 
Patruelis, 34. 
Sobrinus, 35. 

& Amitinus, 36. 



cxx. 

The Society betwixt Parents and Children. 




Societas Parentalis. 



Married Persons^ 
(by the blessing of God) 
have Issue, 
and become Parents, 

The Father^ i. begetteth 
and the Mother^ 2. beareth 
Sons^ 3. and Daughters^ 4. 
(sometimes Twins). 

The Infant^ 5. 
is wrapped in 
Swadling-cloathes, 6. 
is laid in a Cradle ^ 7. 
is suckled by the Mother 
with her Breasts, 8. 
and fed with Pap, 9. 

Afterwards it learneth 
to go by a Standing -stool, i o. 



Conjuges, 
(ex benedictione Dei) sus- 
cipiunt Sobolem (Prolem) 
& fiunt Parentes. 

Pater, i. gene rat 
& Mater, 2. parit 
Filios, 3. & Filias, 4. 
(aliquando Gemellos). 

Infans, 5. 
involvitur 
Fasciis, 6. 

reponitur in Cunas, 7. 
lactatur a matre 
UberibuSf 8. 
& nutritur Fappis, 9. 

Deinde discit 
incedere Seperasto, to. 



ri53; 



playeth with Rattles^ ii. 
and beginneth to speak. 

As it beginneth to grow 
older, it is accustomed to 
Piety ^ 12. 
and Labour^ 13. 
and is chastised, 14. 
if it be not dutiful. 

Children owe to Parents 
Reverence and Service. 

The Father maintaineth 
his Children 
by taking pains ^ 15. 



ludit Crepundiisy 11. 
& incipit fari. 

Crescente aetata, 
adsuescit 
Pietati^ 12. 
& Lab or i^ 13. 
& castigatur, 14. 
si non sit morigerus. 

Z/^m debent Parentibus 
Cultum & Officium. 

Pater sustentat 
Liberos, 
labor ando^ 15. 



CXXI. 

The Society betwixt Masters and Servants. 




The Master 
{the goodinan of the House) ^ 
I. hath Men-servants^ 2. 



Societas herilis. 

Herus 



[Pater familias), i. 

ha bet Famulos (Servos), 2. 



r 154; 



the Mistress 

{the good ivtfe of the House) ^ 

3. Maidens^ 4. 

They appoint these their 
Work, 6. 
and divide 

them their tasks, 5. which 
are faithfully to be done by 
them without murmuring 
and loss: for which their 
Wages, and J/^^/and Drink 
is allowed them. 

A Servant was heretofore 
a Slave, 

over whom the Master had 
power of life and death. 

At this day the poorer 
sort serve in a free man- 
ner,being hired for Wages. 



Hera 

(Mater familias), 3. 

And II as, 4. 

lUi mandant his 
Opera, 6. 
& distribuunt 
Labo?'um Pensa, 5. qua 
ab his fideliter sunt exse- 
quenda sine murmure 
&dispendio; pro quo 
Merces & Alimonia 
praebentur ipsis. 

Servus olim erat Man- 

cipium, in quern Domino 
potestas fuit 
vitae & necis 

Hodi^ pauperiores 
serviunt libere, 
conducti mercede. 



A City. 



CXXII. 



Urbs. 




Of many Houses 
is made a Village, i, 



Ex multis Domibus 
fit Pag us, I. 



r 155; 



or a Town, or a City, 2. 

That and this are fenced 
and begirt with a Wall^ 3. 
a Trench, 4. 
Bulwarks, 5. 
and Pallisadoes^ 6. 

Within the Walls is 
the z^t?/^ Place, 7 . 
without, the Ditch, 8. 

In the Walls are 
Fortresses, 9. 
and Towers^ 10. 
Watch' Towers, 11. are 
upon the higher places. 

The entrance into a City 
is made out of the Suburbs, 
12. through Gates, 13. 
over the Bridge, 14. 

The <9d!^^ hath 
a Portcullis, 15. 
a Draw-bridge, 1 6. 
two-leaved Doors, 1 7 . 
Locks and Bolts, 
as also Barrs, 18. 

In the Suburbs are 
Gardens, 19. 

and Garden-houses, 20. and 
also Burying-places, 21. 



vel Oppidum, vel <7>-/^i", 2. 

Istud & hsec muniuntur 
& cinguntur Moenibus 
{Muro), 3. Vallo, 4. 
Aggeribus, 5. 
& F^///>, 6. 

Intra muros est 
Pomoerium, 7. 
extra, Fossa, 8. 

In moenibus sunt 
Propugnacula, 9. 
& Turres, 10. 
Specula, II. ex- 
tant in editioribus locis. 

Ingressus in Urbem fit 
ex SuburbiOy\2. 
per Portam, 13. 
su^QY Pontem, 14. 

Porta habet 
Cataractas, 15. 
Pontem versatilem, 16. 
Valvas, 17. 

Claustra & Repagula^ 
ut & Vectes, 18. 

In Suburbiis sunt 
Horti, 19. 
& Suburbana, 20. 
ut & Ccemeteria, 21. 



( 156 J 

CXXIII. 
The inward parts of a City 




Interiora Urbis. 



Within the City are 
Streets^ i. 

paved with Stones; 
Market-places, 2. 
(in some places with 
Galleries), 3. 
and narrow Lanes, 4, 

The Publick Buildings 
are in the middle of the 
City, the Church, 5. 
the School, 6. 
the Guild- Hall, 7, 
the Exchange^ 8. 

About the Walls and the 
Gates are the Magazine^ 9. 
the Granary, 10. 
Inns, Ale-houses, 
Cooks-shops, II. 



Intra urbem sunt 
Platece (Vici), i. 
stratse Lapidibus; 
For a, 2. 
(alicubi cum 
Porticibus), 3. 
& Angiportus, 4. 

Publica aedificia 
sunt in medio Urbis, 
Templum, 5. 
Schola, 6. 
Curia, 7. 

Donms Mercatur(£, 8. 
Circa Moenia, & Portas 
Armamentarium, 9. 
Granarium, 10. 
Diversoria, Popince, 
& Caup07icB, II. 



( 157 J 



the Play'house^ 12. 
and the Spittle^ 13. 

In the by-places 
are Houses of Office^ 14. 
and the Prison^ 15. 

In the chief Steeple 
is the Clocks 16. and the 
WatchmansT)v^t\\\vi^^ 17. 

In the Streets are IVel/s, 
t8. 

The River ^ 19. or Beck^ 
runneth about the City, 
serveth to wash away the 
filth. 

The Tower ^ 20. 
standeth in the highest 
part of the City. 



15. 



Theatrum^ j2. 
Nosodochium^ 13. 

In recessibus, 
FoiHccB (Cloacae), 14. 
& Custodia (Career), 

In turre primaria 
est Horologiu7n^ 16. 
& habitatio Vigilum^ 17. 

In Plateis sunt Puteiy 
18. 

Flitvius, 19. vel Rivus^ 
interfluens Urbem, 
inservit eluendis 

sordibus. 

Arx, 20. 
extat in summo 
Urbis. 



Judgment. 



CXXIV. 



Judicium. 




The best Law, is 
a quiet agreetnefit, 
made either by themselves. 



Optimum Jus, est 
placida convention 
facta vel ab ipsis, 



r 158; 



betwixt whom the sute is, 
or by an Umpire. 

If this do not proceed, 
they come into Court., i. 
(heretofore they judg'd 
in the Market-place ; at 
this day in the Moot-hall) 
in which the Judge., 2. 
sitteth with his Assessors.,^^. 
the Clerk., 4. taketh 
their Votes in writing. 

The Flamtiff^ 5. 
accuseth the Defendant., 6. 
and produceth Witnesses.,']. 
against him. 

The Defendant excuseth 
himself by a Counsellor., 8. 
whom the Plaintiffs Coun- 
sellor., 9. contradicts. 

Then the Judge 
pronounceth Sentence., 
acquitting the innocent., 
and condemning 
him that \^ guilty., 
to a Punishmenty 
or a Fine^ 
or Torment. 



inter quos lis est 
vel ab Arbitro. 

Haec si non procedit, 
venitur in Foru?n, 1. 
(olim judicabant 
in Foro, 

ho die in Prcetorio) 
cui Judex (Praetor), 2. 
praesidet cum AssessoribuSy 
3. Dicographus., 4. excipit 
Vota calamo. 

Actor., 5. 
accusat Reujn., 6. 
& producit Testes y 7. 
contra ilium. 

Reus excusat 
se per Advocatum, 8. 
cui Actoris Procurator^ 9. 
contradicit. 

Tum Judex 
Sententiam pronunciat, 
absolvens i^isontem., 
& damnans 
sonte??i 
ad Pcena?ny 
vel Mulctafn, 
vel ad Supplicium. 



(^9 ) 



cxxv. 

The Tormenting of Malefactors. 




Supplicia Malefactorum. 



Malefactors, r. 
are brought 
from the Prison, 3. 
(where they are wont to be 
tortured) by Serjeants, 2. 
or dragged with a Horse, 1 5. 
to place of Execution. 

Thieves, 4. 
are hanged by the Hang- 
man, 6. on a Gallows, 5. 

Whoremasters 
are beheaded, 7. 

Murtherers 
and Robbers are 
either laid upon a Wheel, 8. 
having their Legs broken^ 
or fastened upon a Stake, 9. 

Witches 



Malefici, i. 
producuntur, 
e Car cere, 3. 
(ubi torqueri solent) 
per Lie tores, 2. 
vel Equo raptantur, 15. 
ad locum Supplicii. 

Fures, 4. 
suspenduntura Carnijice,6. 
in Patibulo, 5. 

Mcechi 
decollantur, 7. 

Homicidce. (Sicarii) 
ac Latrones (Piratae) 
vel imponuntur Potoe 
crucifragio plexi, 8. 
vel Palo infiguntur, 9. 

Striges (Lamiae) 



ri6o; 



are burnt in 2i great 
Fire^ lo. 

Some before they are 
executed have their Ton- 
gues cut OUty I I . 
or have their Haiid^ 12. 
cut off upon a Block,\^. or 
are burnt with Pincers, 14. 

They that have their 
Life given them, 
are set on the Pillory, 16, 
ox strapado'd, 17. are 
set upon a wooden Horse, i'^. 
have their Ears cut off, 19. 
are whipped with Rods, 20. 
are branded, 
are banished, 
are condemned 
to the Gallic s, or to 
perpetual Imprisonment. 

Traytors are puU'd in 
pieces v/ith four Horses. 



cremantur super 
Rogum, 10. 

Quidam antequam 
supplicio 

afficiantur elinguantur, 11. 
aut plectuntur Manu, 12. 
super Cippum, 13. 
aut Forcipibus, 14. uruntur 

Vita donati, 

constringuntur NumelliSy 
16. luxantur, 17. 
imponuntur Equuleo, 18. 
truncantur Auribus, 19, 
cceduntur Virgis, 20. 
Stigmate notantur, 
relegantur, 
damnantur 
ad Triremes^ vel ad 
Carcerem perpetuum. 

Perduelles discerpuntur 
Quadrigis. 



Merchandizing. 



Mercatura, 




lVa;rs 
brought from other places 
are either exchanged 
in an Exchange^ i. 
or exposed to sale 
in Warehouses^ 2. 
and they are sold 
for Money ^ 3. 
being either measured 
with an Eln^ 4. 
or weighed 
in z. pair of Balances^ 5. 

Shop-keepers^ 6. 
Pedlars^ 7. 
and Brokers^ 8. 
would also be called 
Merchants, 9. 

The Seller 
braggeth of a thing 
that is to be sold, 

M 



Merces, 
aliunde allatae, aliunde 
vel commutantur 
in Domo Commerciorum^ 1, 
vel exponuntur venum 
in Tabernis Mercimoniorum^ 
2. & venduntur 
pro Pecunid (moneta), 3. 
vel mensuratae 
Ulna, 4. 
vel ponderatae 
Libra, 5. 

Tabernarii. 6, 
Circuinforanei, 7. 
& Scriitarii, 8. 
etiam volunt dici 
Mercatores, 9. 

Venditor 
ostentat rem 
promercalem, 



r 162; 



and setteth the rate of it, 
and how much 
it may be sold for. 

The Buyer ^ 10. cheap neth 
and ofFereth the price. 

If any one 
bid against him ^ 11. the 
thing is delivered to him 
that promiseth the most. 



& indicat pretium, 

quanti 

liceat. 

Emptor^ 10. licetur, 

& pretium offert. 

Si quis 
contralicetur, 11. 
ei res addicitur 
qui pollicetur plurimum. 



CXXVII. 
Measures and Weights. Mensurae & Pondera. 




We measure things that 
hang together with an Eln^ 
I. liquid things 
with a Gallon, 2. 
and dry things 
by a two-bushel Measure, 3. 

We try the heaviness of 
things by Weights, 4. 
and Balances, 5. 

In this is first 



Res continuas metimur 
Ulnd, I. 
liquidas 
Congio, 2. 
aridas 
Medimno, 3. 

Gravitatem rerum ex- 
perimur Pofideribus, 4. 
& Librd (bilance), 5. 

In hdc primd est 



(16$ J 



the Beam, 6. 

in the midst whereof is a 
little Axle-tree, 7. above 
the cheeks and the hole, 8. 
in which the Needle, 9. 
moveth it self to and fro : 
on both sides 
are the Scales, 10. 
hanging by little Cords, 11. 
The Br asters balance, 12. 
weigheth things by hang- 
ing them on a Hook, 13. 
-and the Weight, 14. 
opposite to them which 
in (a) weigheth just as 
much as the thing, 
in (b) twice so much 
in (c) thrice so much, &c. 



y^ugum (Scapus), 6. 
in cujus medio 
Axiculus, 7. superius 
trutina & agina, 8. 
in qua Examen, 9. 
sese agitat : 
utrinque 
sunt Lances, 10. 
pendentes Funiculis, 11. 

Statera, 12. 
ponderat res^suspendendo 
illas Unco, 13. 
& Fondus, 14. 
ex opposito, quod 
in (a) aequiponderat 

rei, 

in (b) bis tantum, 

in (c) ter, &c. 



Physick 



CXXVIII. 



Ars Medica. 




The Patient, 1 . 
5endeth for a Physician, 2. 



jFgrotans, i. 
accersit Medicum^ 2. 



r 164; 



who feeleth his Pulse, 3, 
and looketh upon his Wa- 
ter, 4. and then prescribeth 
a Receipt in a Bill, 5. 

That is made ready 
by an Apothecary, 6. 
in a Apothecaries Shop, 7. 
where Drugs 
are kept in Draivers, 8. 
Boxes, 9. 
and Gaily -pots, 10. 

And it is 
either a Potio7i, 11. 
or Powder^ 1 2. 
or -P/Z/j", 13. 
or Trochisks, 14. 
or an Electuary, 15. 

Z>/>/ and Prayer, 16. 
is the best Physick. 

The Chirurgeon, 18. 
cureth Wounds, 17. 
and Ulcers, 
with Plasters, 19. 



qui tangit ipsius Arterianiy 
3. & inspicit Urinam, 4. 
turn prsescribit J/*?^- 
icamentum in Schedula, 5. 

Istud paratur 
a Pharmacopceo, 6. 
in Pharmacopolio, 7. 
ubi Pharmaca 
adservantur in Capsulis, 8. 
Pyxidibus, 9. 
& LageniSy 1 o. 

Estque 
vel Potio, 1 1 . 
vel PulviSf 12. 
vel PillulcB, 13. 
vel Pastilli, 14. 
vel Electuarium, 15. 

DicBta & Or alio, 16. 
est optima Medicina, 

Chirurgus, 18. 
curat Vulnera, 17. 
& Ulcer a, 
Spleniis (emplastris), 19. 



A Burial. 



Sepultura. 




Dead Folks 
heretofore were burned, 
and their Ashes 

put into an Urn^ i. 

We enclose 
our dead Folks 
in a Coffin^ 2. 
lay them upon a Bier, 3. 
and see they be carried out 
in a Funeral Pomp 
towards the Church-yard,^. 
where they are laid 
in a Grave, 6, 
by the Bearers, 5. 
and are interred ; 
this is covered with 
a Grave-stone, 7. 
and is adorned 
with Tombs, 8. 
and Epitaphs, 9. 



Defu7icti 
olim cremabantur, 
& Cineres 
recondebantur in Urna, i. 

Nos includiaius 
nostros De?nortuos 
Loculo, (Capulo), 2. 
imponimus Feretro, 3. 
& curamus eflferri 
Pompd Funeb7'i 
versus Coemeteriu/n, 4. 
ubi inferuntur, 
Sepulchro, 6. 
a Vespillonibus, !^, 
& humantur ; 
hoc tegitur 
Cippo, 7. 
& ornatur 
Monumentis, 8. 
ac Epitaphiis, 9. 



r 166; 



As the Corps go along i Funere prodeunte, 
Psabns are sung-, ■ Hyrn/ii cantantur, 

and \.h.Q Beils are rung, 10. & Ca7npati(B^ 10. pulsantur. 



A Stage-play. 



cxxx. 



Ludus Scenictis. 




In a Play-house^ i. 

(which is trimmed 

with Ha-figings, 2. and 

covered with Curtains^ 3.) 

Comedies and Tragedies are 

acted, 

wherein memorablethings 

are represented ; 

as here, the History 

of the Prodigal Son, 4. 

and his Father, 5. 

by whom he is entertain'd, 

being return'd home. 

The Players act 
being in disguise ; 
the Fool, 6. maketh Jests. 



In Theatro, 1. 
(quod vestitur 
Tapetibus, 2. & 
tegitur Sipariis, 3.) 
Comedies vel TragoedicE 
aguntur, 

quibus repraesentantur res 

memorabiles 

ut hie, Historia 

de Filio Prodigo, 4. 

& Pafre, 5. ipsius, 

a quo recipitur, 

domum redux. 

Adores {Histriones) agunt 
personati ; 
Morio, 6. dat Jocos. 



ri67; 



The chief of the Specta- 
tors sit in the Gallery^ 7. 
the common sort stand 
on the Ground^ 8. 
and clap the hands, 
if anything please them. 



Spectatorum primarii, 
sedent in Orchestra^ 7. 
plebs Stat 
in Cavea, 8. 
& plaudit, 
si quid arridet. 



Sleights. 



CXXXI. 



Praestigiae. 




The Tumbler^ i. 
maketh several Shows 
by the nimbleness of his 
body, walking to and fro 
on his hands, 
leaping 
through a Hoop^ 2. &c. 

Sometimes also 
he danceth, 4. 
having on a Vizzard. 

The Jugler, 3. 
sheweth sleights^ 
out of a Purse. 



Fr(Estigiator^ i. 
facit varia Spectacula, 
volubilitate 
corporis, deambulando 
7na7iibus^ 
saliendo 
per Circuluniy 2. &c. 

Interdum etiam 
tripudiat^ 4. 
Larvatus. 

Agyrta, 3. 
facit prcBstigias 
e Marsupio. 



r ^6S) 



The Rope-dancei\ 5. 
goeth and danceth 
upon a Rope^ 
holdeth a Poise, 6. 
in his hand; 
or hangeth himself 
by the hand or foot, 7. &c. 



Fu?iainbulus, 5. 
graditur & saltat 
super Fimem, 
ten ens Halter em, 6. 
manu ; 

aut suspendit se 
maim vq\ pede, 1. &c. 



The Fencing-School. 



CXXXIL 



Palestra. 




Feiicers 
meet in a Duel 
in a Fencing-place, 
fighting with Swords, i. 
or Pikes, 2. 
and Halberds, 3. 
or Short-swords, 4. 
or Rapiers, 5. 
having balls at the point 
(lest they wound one 
another mortally) 
or with two edged- Swords 
and a Dagger, 6. together. 



Pugiles 
congrediuntur Duello 
in Palestra, 

decertanies vel Gladiis, i. 
vel Hastilibus, 2. 
& Bipennibits, 3. 
vel Semispathis, 4. 
vel Ensibus, 5. 
mucrone7n obligatis, 
(ne laedet 
lethaliter) 
vel Frameis 
& Pugione, 6, simul. 



r 169; 



Wrestlers^ 7. 
{among the Romans 
in time past were nayked 
and anointed with Oyl) 
take hold of one another 
and strive whether 
can throw the other, 
especially by tripping up his 
heels^ 8. 

Hood-winked Fencers^ 9. 
fought with their fists in 
z. ridiculous strife, to wit, 
with their Eyes coverered. 



Luctatores^ 7. 
(apud Romanos 
olim nudi 
& inuncti Oleo) 
prehendunt se invicem 
& annituntur uter 
alterum prosternere pos- 
sit, praeprimis 
supplantando, 8. 

Andabatce, 9, 
pugnabant pugnis 
ridiculo certamine, 
nimirum Oculis obvelatis. 



Tennis-play. 



CXXXIII. 



Ludus Pilae. 




In a Te7inis CoiLrt^ i. 
they play with a Ball^ 2. 
which one throweth, 
and another taketh, 
and sendeth it back 
with a Rackety 3. 



In Sphceristerio^ i, 
luditur Pild^ 2. 
quam alter mittit, 
alter excipit, 
& remittit 
Reticulo^ 3. 



( I70 J 



and that is the Sport 

of Noble Men 

to stir their Body. 

A Wind-ball^ 4. 
being filled with Air, 
by means of a Ventil^ 
is tossed to and fro 
with the Fist^ 5. 
in the open Air. 



idque est Lusus 
Nobiliuni ad 
commotionem Corporis. 
Follis (pila magna), 4. 
distenta Aere 
ope Epistomii^ 
reverberberatur 
Pugno, 5. 
sub Dio. 



Dice-plav 



CXXXIV. 



Ludus Aleae. 




We play with Dice^ i. 
either they that throw the 
most take up all ; 
or we throw them 
through a Casting-box^ 2. 
upon a Board, 3. 
marked with figures, 
and this is Dice-players game 
at casting Lots. 

Men play by Luck and 
Skill at Tables. 
in 2ipair of Tables y 4. 



Tesseris {talis), i. ludi- 
mus vel Plistobolindam j 

vel immittimus illas 

per Frittillum, 2. 

in Tabellam, 3. 

notatam numeris, 

idque est Ludas Sortilegii 

Aleatorum^ 

Sorte & Arte luditur 
Calculis 
in Alveo aleatorio, 4. 



r i/i; 



and at Cards^ 5. 

We play at Chesse 
on a Chesse-board^ 6. where 
only art beareth the sway. 

The most ingenious 
Game is the Game of 
Chesse^ 7. wherein as it 
were two Armies 
fight together in Battel. 



& Chartis lusoriis^ 5. 

Ludimus Abaculis 
in Abaco, 6. ubi 
sola ars regnat. 

Ingeniosissimus Ludus 
est Ludus Latrunculoruniy 
7. quo veluti 
duo Exercitus 
confligunt Prselio. 



Races. 



cxxxv. 



Cursus Certamina. 




Boys exercise themselves 
by running, either upon 
the Ice, I. in Scrick-shoes^ 2. 
where they are carried also 
upon Sleds, 3. or in the open 
Field, making a Lt7ie, 4. 
which he that desireth to 
win, ought to touch, but 
not to run beyond it. 

Heretofore Runners^ 5. 
run betwixt Rails, 6. 



Pueri exercent se 
cursu, sive super 
Glaciem, 1. Diabatris, 2. 
ubi etiam vehuntur 
Trahis, 3. sive in Campo, 
designantes Lineam, 4. 
quam qui vincere cupit 
debet attingere, at 
non ultra procurrere. 

Olim decurrebant Cur- 
sores, 5. inter CancelloSy 6. 



( 172 J 



to the Goal, 7. and 
he that toucheth it first 
receiveth the Prize, S. from 
him that gave the prize, 9. 

At this day Tilting 
(or the quintain) is used, 
(where a Hoop, 11. 
is struck at with 
a Truncheon, 10.) in- 
stead ot Horse-races, which 
are grown out of use. 



ad Metam, 7. & 
qui primum contingebat 
earn, accipiebat Brabeum, 
[prcemium), 8. a Brabeuta, 9. 

Hodie Hastiludia 
habentur, 
(ubi Cir cuius, 11. 
petitur 
Lancea, 10.) 
loco Equiriorum, quae 
abierunt in desuetudinem. 



Boys Sport. 



CXXXVI. 



Ludi Pueriles. 




Boys use to play 
either with Bowling-stones 
I. or throwing a Bowl, 2. 
at Nine -pins, 3. 
or striking a Ball, 
through a Ring, 5. 
with a Bandy, 4. 
or scourging a Top, 6. 
with a Whip, 7. 



Pueri solert ludere 
vel Globis fictilibus, i. 
vel jactantes Globujn, 2. 
ad Conas, 3. 

vel mittentes Sphcerulam 
per Annulum, 5. 
Clava, 4. 

versantes Ttirbine?n, 6. 
Flagello, 7. 



( ^73 ) 



or shooting with a Trunk,'^. 
and a BoWy 9. or going 
upon Stilts^ 10. or tossing 
and swinging themselves 
upon a Merry-totter, 11. 



vel jaculantes Sclopo, 8. 
& Arcuy 9. vel incidentes 
Grallis, 10. vel super 
Petauru7n, 11. se 
agitantes & oscillantes. 



CXXXVII. 

The Kingdom and the Region. 




Regnum 

Many Cities and Villages 
make a Region 
and a Kingdom. 

The King or Prince re- 
sideth in the chief City^ 1 . 
the Noblemen^ Lords, 
and Earls dwell 
in the Castles , 2. 
that lie about it ; 
the Country People 
dwell in Villages^ 3. 



& Regio. 

Multae Urbes & Pagi 
faciunt Regionem 
& Regnum, 

Rex aut Princeps 
sedet in Metropoli, 1. 
JVo biles, Bar ones, 
& Comites habitant 
in Arcibus, 2. 
circumjacentibus ; 
Rustici 
in Pagis, 3. 



r 174; 



He hath his toll-places 
upon navigable Rivers^ 4. 
and high-Roads^ 5. 
where jP^r/^^<? and Tollage 
is exacted of them 
that sail 
or travel. 



Habet telonia sua 
]uy.t2i Flumifia navigabilia^ 
4. & Vias regias^ 5. 
ubi Portorian & Vectigal 
exi^itur 
a navigantibus 
& iter facientibus. 



cxxxvni. 



Regal Majestv. 



Regia Majestas. 
P4 




The King^ i. 
sitteth on his Throne, 2. 
in Kingly State, 
with a stately Habit, 3. 
crowned with a Diadejn, 4. 
holding a Scepter, 5. 

in his Hand, 

being attended with 

a Company of Courtiers. 

The chief among these, 
are the Chancellor, 6. 
with the Counsellors 



Rex, I. 

sedet in suo Solio, 2. 
in regio splendore, 
magnifico Habitu, 3. 
redimitus Diademate, 4. 
ten ens Sceptrum, 5. 

manu, 

stipatus 

frequently Aulicorum. 

Inter hos primarii sunt 
CancellariuSy 6. 
cum Consiliariis 



( ^n) 



and Secretaries, 

the Lord-mar shall, 7. 

the Comptroller, 8. 

the Cup-bearer, 9. 

the Taster, 10. 

the Treasurer, 11, 

the ^/^/z Chamberlain, 12. 

and the Master of the 

Morse, 13. 

There are subordinate 

to these 

the Noble Courtiers, 14. 

the Noble Pages, 1 5 . 

with the Chamberlains, 

and Lacquies, 16. 

the Guard, 17, 

with their Attendance. 

He solemnly giveth Au- 
dience to the Ambassadors 

of Foreign Princes, 18. 

He sendeth 
h i s Vice-gerents, 
Deputies, 

Governors, Treasurers, 

and Ambassadors 

to other places, 

to whom he sendeth 

new Commissions ever 

and anon by the Posts, 19. 

The Pool, 20. 
maketh Laughter 
by his toysom Actions. 



& Secretariis, 
Pmfectus PrcBtorii, 7. 
Aulce. M agister, 8. 
Pocillator (pincerna), 9. 
Dapifer, 10. 
Thesaurarius, 11. 
A re hi- Cubicularius, 1 2 . 
& Stabuli M agister, 1 3 . 

Subordinantur 
his 

Nobiles Aulici, 14. 
Nobile Famulitium, 15. 
cum Cubiculariis, 
& Cursoribus, 16. 
Stipatores, 17. 
cum Satellitio. 

Solemniter recipit 
Legatos 
exterorum, 18. 

Ablegat 
Vicarios suos, 
^ dministra tores, 
PrcBfectos, Qucestores, 
& Legatos, 
aliorsum, 
quibus mittit 
Mandata nova 
subinde per Veredarios^, 19. 

Morio, 20. 
movet Risum 
ludicris Actionibus. 



The Soldier. 



CXXXIX. 



Miles, 




If we be to make War 
Soldiers are lifted, i. 

Their Anns are 
a Head-piece, 2. 
(which is adorned with a 
Crest) and the Armour, 
whose parts are a Coliar^T,. 
a Breast-plate, 4. 
Arm-pieces, 5. 
Leg-pieces, 6. 
Greaves, 7. 

with a Coat of Mail, 8. 
and a Buckler, 9. these 
are the defensive Arms. 

The offensive are 
a Sword, 10. 
a two-edged Sword, 1 1 . 
a Falchion, 12. 
which are put up into 
a Scabbard, 13, 
and are girded with a Gir- 
dle, 14. or Belt^ 15. 



Si bellandum est 
scribuntur Milites. i. 

Horum Anna sunt, 
Galea (Cassis, 2.) 
(quae ornatur 
Crista) & Armatura, 
cujus partes Torquis fer- 
reus, 3. Thorax, 4. 
Brachialia, 5. 
OcrecE fe7'rece, 6. 
Manic ce^ 7. 
cum Lorica, 8. 
& vSrz//^ (Clypeo), 9. 
haec sunt Arma defensiva. 

Offensiva sunt 
Gladius, 10, 
Framea^ 1 1. 
& Acinaces, 12. 
qui reconduntur 
Vagina, 13. 
accinguntur Cittgu- 
lo, 14. vel Baltheo^ 15. 



19 



(a Scarfs i6. 
serveth for ornament) 
a two hafided- Sword^ 17 
and a Dagger^ 18. 

In these is the Haft^ 
with the Pummel^ 20. 
and the Blade^ 21. 
having 2i Point, 22. 
in the middle are the 
Back, 23. and the Edgt^, 24. 

The other Weapons are 
a jP/>^^, 25. a H albert, 26. 
(in which is the Haft, 27. 
and the Head, 28.) a 
Club, 2^, and a Whirlebat,7,o. 

They fight at a distance 
with Muskets, 3 1 . 
and Pistols, 32. which 
are charged with Bullets, 
33. out of a Bullet-bag, 34. 
and with Gun-powdei' 
out of a Bandalier^ 35. 



r 177 >> 

(Fascia militaris, 16. 
inservit ornatui) 
Ro7nphcea, 17. 
& Pugio, 18. 

In his est Manubrium,\^. 
cum Porno, 20. 
& Verutum, 21. 
Cuspidatuni, 22. 
in medio 
Dorsum, 23. & Acies, 24. 

Reliqua arma sunt 
Hasta, 25. Bipennis, 26. 
(in quibus Hastile, 27. 
& Mucro, 28.) 
Clava, 29. & Coestus, 30. 

Pugnatur eminiis 
Bombardis (Sclopetis), 31. 
& Sclopis, 32. quae 
onerantur Globis, 7,^. 
^ Theca bombardica, 34. 
& Pulvere nitrato 
e Pyxide pulveraria, 35. 



The Camps. 



CXL. 



Castra. 




r 178; 



When 2i Design is under- 
taken the Campy i. is 
pitched and the Tents of 
Canvas y 2. or Straw ^ 3. 
are fastned with Stakes j 
and they entrench them 
about for security's sake, 
with Bulwarks, 4. 
2iX\d Ditches, 5. 
Sentinels y 6. are also set ; 
and Scouts, 7. are sent out. 

Sal lyings out, 8. 
are made for Forage 
and Plunder-sake, where 
they often cope with the 
Enemy, 9. in skirmishing. 

The Pavilion of the 
Lord General is in the 
midst of the Camp, 10. 



Expeditione sus- 
ceptd, Castra, i. 
locantur & Tentoria Lin- 
tels, 2. vel Stramentis, 3. 
figuntur Faxillis ; 
eaque circumdant, 
securitatis gratis 
Aggeribus, 4. 
& Fossis, 5. Excubice, 
6. constituuntur; SiEx- 
ploratores, 7. emittuntur. 

Excursiones, 8. 
fiunt Pabulationis 
& Prsedse causd, ubi 
saepius confligitur cum 
Hostibus, 9. velitando. 

Tentorium 
summi Imperatoris est in 
medio Castrorum, 10. 



The Army and the Fight. CXLI. Acies & Prcelium. 




When the Battel 



Quando Fugna 



( 179 ) 



is to be fought the 
Army is set in order, and 
divided into the Fronts i. 
the Rere^ 2. 
and the Wings ^ 3. 

The Foot, 4. 
are intermixed 
with the Ho7'se^ 5. 

That is divided 
into Companies, 
this into Troops. 

These carry Banners, 6. 
those Flags, 7. 
in the midst of them. 

Their Officers are, 
Corporals, Ensigns, 
Lieutenants, Captains, g. 
Co?mnanders of the Horse, 9. 
Lieutenant Colonels, 
Colonels, 

and he that is the chief of 
all, the General. 

The Drummers, 10. 
and the Dru7?islades, 11. 
as also the Trumpeters, 12. 
call to Arms, 
and inflame the Soldier. 

At the first Onset 
the Muskets, 13. and 
Ordnance, 14. are shot off. 

Afterwards they fight, 
15. hand to hand 
with Pikes and Swords. 

They that are overcome 
are slain, 1 6. 
or taken prisoners, 
or run away, 17. 

They that are for the Re- 
serve, 1 8 . 
come upon them 



committenda est, 
Acies instruitur, & 
dividitur in Frontem, 1. 
Tergum, 2. 
& Alas (Cornua), 3. 

Peditatus, 4. 
intermiscetur 
Fquitatui, 5. 

Ille distinguitur 
in Centurias, 
hie in Turmas. 

Illae in medio ferunt 
Vexilla, 6. 
hae Labara, 7. 

Eorum Praefecti sunt, 
Decuriones, Signiferi, 
Vicarii, Centuriones, 8. 
Magistri Equitum, 9. 
Tribuni, 
Chiliarchce^ 
& summus omnium 
Imperator. 

Tympanistce, 10. 
& Tympanotribce, 11. 
ut & Tubicines, 12. 
vocant ad Arma 
& inflammant Militem. 

Primo Conflictu, 
BombardcE, 13. & 
Tormenta,\\. exploduntur. 

Postea pugnatur, 15. 
cominus 
Hastis & Gladiis. 

Victi 
trucidantur, 16. 
vel capiuntur, 
vel aufugiunt, 17. 

Succenturiati, 18. 
superveniunt 



out of their places where. 
they lay in wait. 

The Carriages^ 19. 
are plundered. 



ex insidiis. 

Impedimenta^ 19. 
spoliantur. 



The Sea-Fight. 



CXLIL 



Pugna Navalis, 




A Sea-fight 
is terrible, 
when huge Ships, 
like Castles, 

run one upon another 
with their Beaks, 1. 
or shatter one another 
with their Ordnance, 2. 
and so being bored thorow 
they drink in 
their own Destruction, 
and are sunk, 3. 

Or when they are set on 
fire and either by the firing 
of Gun-powder, 4. 



Navale pr ostium 
terribile est, 
quum ingentes iV^z/^j-, 
veluti Arces, 
concurrunt 
Rostris, I. 

aut se invicem quassant 
Tor mentis, 2. 
atque ita perforatae, 
imbibunt 
perniciem suam 
& submerguntur, 3. 

Aut quum igne corripi- 
untur, & vel ex incendio 
pulveris tormetitarii, 4. 



r isi J 



men are blown up into the 
air, or are burnt in the 
midst of the waters, 
or else leaping into the 
Sea are drowned. 

A SAtJ> that flieth away, 
5. is overtaken 
by those tha.t J>ursue ker, 6. 
and is taken. 



homines ejiciuntur in 
aerem, vel exuruntur in 
mediis aquis, 
vel etiam desilientes in 
mare, suffocantur. 

Navis fugitiva, 5. 
intercipitur 
ab insequentibus , 6. 
& capitur. 



CXLIII. 
The Besieging of a City. 



Obsidium Urbis. 




K^City that 
is like to endure a Siege, 
is first summoned 
by a Trumpeter^ i. 

and persuaded to yield. 
IWhich if it refuseth to do, 
it is assaulted by the Be- 
siegers, and taken by 
storm. 

Either by climbing over 
the walls with Scaling-lad- 
ders ^ 2. 



Urbs 
passura Obsidionem, 
primum provocatur 
per Tubicinem, 1. 

& invitatur ad Depitionem. 
Quod si abnuat facere, 
oppugnatur ab Obsidenti- 
bus & occupatur. 

Vel muros per Scalas^ 2, 
transcendendo, 



riS2) 



or breaking them down 

with Battering -engins^ 3. 

or demolishing them 

with great Guns^ 4. 

or breaking through the 

Gates with a Petarr, 5. 

or casting Gra?iadoes, 6. 

out of Mortar -pieces^ 7. 

into the City, 

by Engineers^ 8. 

(who lye behind 

Leagure baskets^ 9.) 

or overthrowing it with 

Mines by Pioneers^ 10. 

They that are besieged 
defend themselves 
from the Walls ^ 11. 
with fire and stones, &c., 
or break out by force^ 12. 

A City 
that is taken by Storm 
is plundered, 
destroyed, 

and sometimes laid even 
with the ground. 



aut diruendo 

Arietibus, 3. 

aut demoliendo 

Tor mentis, 4. 

vel dirumpendo 

portas Exostra, 5. vel 

ejaculando Globos Tormen- 

tarios, 6. e Mortariis (balis- 

tis), 7. in Urbem 

per Balistarios, 8. 

(qui latitant post 

Gerras, 9.) 

vel subvertendo 

Cuniculis per Fossores, 10. 

Obsessi 
defendunt se 
de Muris, 11. 
ignibus, lapidibus, &c. 
aut erumpunt, 12. 

Urbs 
vi expugnatay 
diriditur, 
exciditur, 
interdum equatur 
solo. 



Religion 



Religio. 




Godliness^ i. 
the Queen of Vertues, 
worshippeth God^ 4. devout- 
ly, the Knowledge of God 
being drawn either from 
Xht. Book of Nature^ 2. 
(for the work commendeth 
the Work-master) 
or from the 
Book of Scripture J 3. 
she meditateth upon his 
Commandmentscontained 
in the Decalogue^ 5. and 
treading Reason under 
foot, that Barking Dog^ 6. 
she giveth Faiths 7. 
and assent 
to the Word of God, 
and calUth upon him, 8. 
as a Helper in adversity. 

Divine Services 



Bietas^ i. 
Retina Virtutum 
colit DeuMy 4. humiliter, 
Notitia Dei, 
haustd vel ex 
Libro Naturce^ 2. 
(nam opus commendat 
Artificem) 

vel ex 

Libro Scripturce^ 3. 
recolit 

Mandata ejuscompre- 
hensa in Decalogo^ 5. 
& conculcans Rationem, 
oblatrantem Canem, 6. 
prsebet Fidem^ 7. 
& assensum 
Verbo Dei, 
eumque invocat^ 8. ut 
Opitulatorem in adversis. 
Officia Divina 



r 184; 



are done in the Churchy 9. 
in which are the Quire, 10. 
with the Altar y 11. 
the Vestry, 12. 
the Pulpit, 13. 
Seats, 14. 
Galleries, 15. 
and a Font, 16. 

All men perceive that 
there is a God, 
but all men do not 
rightly know God. 

Hence are divers J^eligions 
whereof IV. are reckoned 
vet as the chief. 



fiunt in Templo, 9. 
in quo est Penetrate (Ady- 
tum, 10.) cum Altari, 11. 
Sacrarium, 12. 
Suggestus, 13. 
Subsellia, 14. 
Ambo7ies, 15. 
& Baptisterium, 16. 

Omnes homines senti- 
unt esse Deum, 
sed non omnes 
rectd ndrunt Deum. 

Hinc diversae Religiones 
quarum IV. numerantur 
adhuc primariae. 



Gentilism. 



CXLV. 



Gentilimus. 




The Gentiles feigned 
to themselves near upon 
XIIM. Deities. 

The chief of them were 
Jupiter, I. President, and 
petty- God of Heaver^j 



Gentiles finxerunt 
sibi prope 
XIIM. Numina. 

Eorum praecipua erant 
Jupiter, I . Prceses & 
D easier coeli ; 



(i»S) 



Neptune^ 2. of the Sea; 
Pluto, 3. of Hell; 
Mars, 4. of War ; 
Apollo, 5. of Arts ; 
Mercury, 6. of Thieves, 
Merchants, 
and Eloquence; 
Vulcan, (Mulciber) 
of Fire and Smiths ; 
j^oluss of Winds : 
and the most obscene of 
all the rest, Priapus. 

They had also 
Womanly Deities : 
such as were Venus, 7. 
the Goddess of Loves, 
and Pleasures, with 
her little son Cupid, 8. 
Minerva [Pallas^, with 
the nine Muses of Arts ; 
yuno, of Riches and Wed- 
dings ; Vesta, of Chastity ; 
Ceres, of Corn ; 
Diana, of Hunting, 
and Fortune; 
and besides these Morbona, 
and Febris her self. 

The Egyptians, 
instead of God 
worshipped all sorts 
of Beasts and Plants, 
and whatsoever they saw 
first in the morning. 

The Philistines offered 
to Moloch,^, their Children 
to be burnt alive, 

The Indians, 10. even to 
this day, worship the 



Neptunus, 2. Maris; 
Pluto, 3. Inferni ; 
Mars, 4. Belli ; 
Apollo, 5. Artium ; 
Mercurius, 6. Furum, 
Mercatorum, 
& Eloquentiae ; 
Vulcanus [Mulciber), 
Ignis & Fabrorum; 
yEolus, V en to rum ; 
& obscaenissimus, 
Priapus. 

Habuerant etiam 
Muliebria Numina: 
qualia fuerunt Venus, 7. 
Dea Amorum, 
& Voluptatum, cum 
filiolo Cupidine, 8. 
Minerva {Pallas)^ cum 
novem Musis Artium ; 
Juno, Divitiarum &Nup- 
tiarum ; Vesta, Castitatis; 
Ceres, Frumentorum ; 
Diana, Venationum ; 
& Fortuna : 
quin & Morbona, 
ac Febris ipsa. 

yEgyptii, 
pro Deo 

colebant omne genus 
Animalium & Plantarum, 
& quicquid conspicieban- 
tur primum mane. 

Philistcei offerebant 
Molocho {Saturno), 9. In- 
fantes cremandos vivos. 

Indi, 10. etiamnum 
venerantur 
Cacodcemona, 11. 



Judaism. 



Judaismus. 




Yet the true Worship 
of the true God^ 
remained with the Patri- 
archs^ who lived before 
and after the Flood. 

Amongst these, 
that Seed of the Woman, 
the Messias of the World, 
was promised to Abraham^ 
1. the Founder of the ^^wj-, 
the Father of them that 
believe: and he (being 
called away from the Gen- 
tiles) with his Posterity, 
being marked with the Sac- 
rament of Circumcision^ 2, 
made a peculiar people, 
and Church of God. 

Afterwards God 
gave his Law^ written 
with his own Finger 
in Tables of Stone ^ 5. 
to this people 



Verus tamem Cultus 
veri Dei, 

remansitapud PatriarchaSy 
qui vixerunt ante 
& post Diluvium. 

Inter hos. 
Semen illud Mulieris, 
Messias Mundi, 
promissus est Abrahamo, 1. 
Condi tori J^udceorum, 
Patri credentium : 
& ipse (avocatus 
a Gentilibus) 
cum Posteris, 
no tat us Sacra- 
mento CircumcisioniSy 2. 
constitutus singularis 
populus, & Ecclesia Dei. 

Postea Deus 
exhibuit Legem suam, 
scriptam Digito suo 
in Tabulis Lapideis, 5. 
huic Populo 



r 187; 



by Moses ^ 3. 

in Mount Sinat, 4. 

Furthermore,he ordained 
the eating the Paschal 
Lamb, 6. and Sacrifices to 
be offered upon anAUary 7. 
by Priests^ 8. 
and Incense^ 9. and com- 
manded a Tabernacle, 10. 
with the Ark of the Cov- 
enant, II. to be made: 
and besides, 
a brazen Serpent^ 12, 
to be set up against the 
biting of Serpents in the 
Wilderness. 

All which things 
were Types of the Messias 
to come, whom 
the Jews yet look for. 



per Mosen, 3. 

in Monte Sinai, 4. 

Porro ordinavit 
manducationem Agni Pas- 
chalis, 6. & Sacrificia 
oflferenda in Altari, 7. 
per Sacerdotes, 8. 
& Suffitus, 9. & jussit 
Tabernaculum, 10. 
cum Area Foederis, 
II. fieri : 
praeterea, 

ceneum Serpenfem, 12. 
erigi contra 
morsum Serpentum in 
Deserto. 

Quae omnia 
Typi erant Messice. 
venturi, quem 
Judcei adhuc expectant. 



Christianitv. 



CXLVII. 



Christianismus. 









The only begotten eter-j UuigcuiLus aetcnius 
nal Son of Gody 3. | Dei Filius^ 3. 



r i88; 



being promised to 
our first Parents in Para- 
dise^ at the last being" con- 
ceived by the Holy Ghost^ 
in the most Holy Womb 
of the Virgin Mary, i. of 
the royal house of David 
and clad with humane 
flesh, came into the World 
at Bethlehem of y^udaa, 
in the extream poverty 
of a Stable, 2. 
in the fullness of time, 
in the year of the world 
3970, but pure from all sin, 
and the name of Jesus 
was given him, 
which signifieth a Saviour. 
When he was sprinkled 
with holy Baptism, 4. 
(the Sacra7?ient 
of the new Covena?it) 
by 'John his Forerunner,5. 
in Jordan, 

the most sacred Mystery 
of the divine Trinity, 
appear'd by the Father s 
voice, 6. (whereby he testi- 
fied that this was his Son) 
and the Holy Ghost in the 
shape of a JDove, 7. coming 
down from Heaven. 

From that time, being 
the 30th year of his Age, 
unto the fourth year, he 
declared who he was, his 
words and works manifest- 
ing his Divinity, being 
neither owned, nor enter- 
tained by the ^<?2£/j-, because 
of his voluntary poverty. 



promissus 

Protoplastis in Paradiso, 
tandem con- 

ceptus per Sanctum Spirit- 
um in sanctissimo utero 
Virginis Marice, 1 . 
de do mo regia Davidis, 
& indutus humana 
carne, prodiit in mundum 
BethlehemcB Judced, 
in summa paupertate 
Stabuli, 2. 
impleto tempore, 
Anno Mundi 3970, 
sed mundus ab omni pec- 
cato & nomen Jesu 
impositum fuit ei, 
quod ^\^vi\^C2XSalvatorem. 
Hie, cum imbueretur 
sacro Baptismo, 4. 
{^Sacramento 
novi Foederis) 

a Johanne '^x?e^Q.\xT?>ox^ suo, 
5. in Jordane apparuit 
sacratissimum Mysterium 
Divinae Trifiitatis, 
Patris 

voce, 6. (qua testabatur 
hunc esse Filiu?n suum) 
& Spiritu sane to 
in specie Colu7?ibce, 7. 
delabente coelitus. 
Ab eo tempore, 
tricesimoanno aetatis suae, 
usque an annum quartum, 
declaravit quis esset, 
verbis & operibus prae se 
ferentibus Divinitatem, 
necagnitus, nee acceptus 
a Judceis, ob 
voluntariam pauperatem. 



r 189 J 



He was at last taken by 
these (when he had first 
instituted the Mystical Sup- 
per^ 8, of his Body and Blood 
for a Seal 

of the new Covenant 2L.ud the 
remembrance of himself) 
carried to the yudgment- 
seat of Pilate^ 
Governour under Ccesar^ 
accused and condemned 
as an innocent Lamb ; and 
being fastned upon a Cross, 
9. he dyed, being 
sacrificed upon the Altar 
for the sins of the World. 

But when he had revived 
by his Divine Power, he 
rose again the third day 
out of the Grave, 10. 
and forty days after 
being taken up 
from Mount Olivet, 11, 
into Heaveii, 12. 
and returning thither 
whence he came, 
he vanished as it were, 
while the Apostles, 13. 
gazed upon him, 
to whom he sent 
his Holy Spirit, 14. 
from Heaven, the tenth day 
after his Ascension, 
and them, (being 
filled with his power) 
into the World 
to preach of him; 
being henceforth to come 
again to the last judgment, 
sitting in the mean time 



Captus tandem ab 
his (quum prius in- 
stituisset Coe?iam Mysticam^ 
8. Corporis & Sanguinis suiy 
in Sigillum 
novi Foederis, & 
sui recordationem) 
raptus ad Tribunal 
Pilati, 

Praefecti Ccesarei, 
accusatus & damnatus est 
Agnus innocentissimus; 
actusque in Crucem, 9. 
mortem subiit, 
immolatus in ara 
pro peccatis mundi. 

Sed quum revixisset 
Divina sua Virtute, 
resurrexit tertia die 
e Sepulchro, 10. 
& post dies XL. 
sublatus 

de Monte Oliveti, 11. 
in Coelu?n, 12. 
& eo rediens 
unde venerat, 
quasi evanuit, 
Apostolis, 13. 
aspectantibus, 
quibus misit 
Spiritum Sanctum, 14. 
de Ccelo, decima 
die post Ascensum, 
ipsos vero, (hac 
virtute impletos) 
in Mundum 
praedicaturos ; 
olim rediturus 
ad Judicium extremum^ 
interea sedens 



( 19° ) 



at the right hand 
of the Father^ 
and interceding for us. 
From this Christ we 
are called Christians^ and 
are saved in him alone. 



ad dextram 

Patris, 

& intercedens pro nobis. 

Ab hoc Chris to 
dicimur Christiani^ 
inque eo solo salvamur. 



Mahometism. 



CXLVIIl. 



Mahometismus. 




Ma/wffiet, I. 
a warlike Man, 
invented to himself 
a new Religion, 
mixed with Judaism^ 
Christianity and Gentilism, 
by the advice of a 3^<?7£/, 2. 
and an Arian Monk^ 3. 
xvzxi\QA Sergius \ feigning, 
whilst he had the Fit of 
the Falling -sickness^ 
that the Archangel Gabriel 
and the Holy Ghost ^ 
talked with him. 



Mahomet^ 1 . 
Homo bellator, 
excogitabat sibi 
novam Religionem, 
mixtam ex Judaismo, 
Christianismo & GentilismOy 
consilio 'yudcei^ 2. 
& Monachi Ariani^ 3. 
nomine Sergii j fin gens, 
dum laboraret Epilepsia^ 

Archangelum Gabrieleniy 
& Spiritum Sanctum^ 
secum coUoqui, 



ri9'; 



using a Pigeon^ 4. 
to fetch Meat 
out of his Ear. 
His Followers 
refrain themselves 
from Wine; 
are circumcised, 
have many Wives ; 
build Chapels^ 5. 
from the Steeples whereof, 
they are called to Holy 
Service not by Bells^ 
but by a Priest^ 6. they 
wash themselves often, 7. 
they deny the Ifoly Trinity: 
they honour Christy 
not as the Son of God^ 
but as a great Prophet^ 
yet less than Mahomet ; 
they call their Law^ 
the Alchoran, 



adsuefaciens Columbam^ 4. 
petere Escam 
ex Aure sua. 
Asseclce ejus 
abstinent se 
a Vino J 

circumciduntur, 
sunt Polygami J 
exstruunt Sacella, 5. 
de quorum Turriculis^ 
convocantur ad sacra 
non a Campanis^ 
sed a Sac er dote, 6. 
saepius se abluunt, 7. 
negant -S^". Trinitatem : 
Christum honorant^ 
non ut Dei Filium^ 
sed ut xi\2,^x\Vi\n Prophetam^ 
minorem \.2in\Qn Mahomete; 
Legem suam vocant 
Alcorati. 



Gods Providence. 



CXLIX. 



Providentia Dei. 




Mens States 



Humanae Sortes 



r'9 

are not to be attributed 
to Fortune or Chance^ 
or the Influence of the Stars, 
(Comets y 1. 

indeed are wont to por- 
tend no good) 
but to the provident 
£ye of God, 2. 
and to his governing Hand, 
3. even our Sights, 
or Oversights, 
or even our Faults. 

God hath his Ministers 
and Angels, 4. 

who accompany a Man, 5. 
from his birth, 
as Guardians, 
against wicked Spirits, 
or the Devil, 6. 
who every minute 
iayeth wait for him, 
to tempt 
and vex him. 

Wo to the mad 
Wizzards and Witches 
who give themselves to 
the Devil, 

(being inclosed in a Cir- 
cle, 7. calling upon him 
with Charms) 
they dally with him, 
and fall from God ! 
for they shall receive their 
reward with him. 



non tribuendae sunt 

Fortunce aut Casui, 

aut Influxui Siderum, 

(Cometce, 1. 

quidem solent nihil boni 

portendere) 

sed provide 

Dei Oculo, 2. 

& ejusdem Manui rectrici,^> 

etiam nostrae Frudentice, 

vel Imprudentice, 

vel etiam Noxce. 

Deus habet Ministros 
suos, & Angelos, 4. 
qui associant se Homini,^. 
a nativitate ejus, 
ut Custodes, 

contra malignos Spiritus, 
seu Diabolum, 6. 
qui minutatim 
struit insidias ei, 
ad tentandum 
vel vexandum. 

Vae dementibus 
Mag is & Lamiis 
qui Cacodaemoni se 
dedunt 

(inclusi Circulo, 7. 
eum advocantes 
Incantamentis) 
cum eo coUudunt 
& a Deo deficiunt ! 
nam cum illo 
mercedem accipient. 



( ^93 J 
The Last Judgment. CL. Judicium extremum. 




For the last day 
shall come 

which shall raise up the 
Dead. 2. with the sound of 
a Trumpet^ 1. and summon 
the Quick with them 
to the Judgment-seat 
of Christ Jesus, 3. 
(appearing in the Clouds) 
to give an Account 
of all things done. 

When the Godly & Elect^\, 
shall enter into life eter- 
nal into the place of Bliss, 
and the new Hierusalem, 5. 

But the Wicked 
and the damned, 6. 
shall be thrust into Hell,Z. 
with the Devils, 7. to be 
there tormented for ever. 



Nam dies novissima 
veniet, 

quae resuscitabit Mortu- 
os, 2. voce Tub<B, i. 
& citabit Vivos, 
cum illis 
ad Tribunal 
Jesu Christi, 3. 
(apparentis in Nubibus) 
ad reddendam rationem 
omnium actorum. 

\}\y\. pa {justi) ^Electi, 4. 
introibunt in vitam seter- 
nam,in locum Beatitudinis 
& novum Hierosolymam, 5. 

Impii vero. 
& damnati, 6. 
cum Cacodcemonibus, 7. in 
Gehennum, 8. detrudentur, 
ibi cruciandi seternum. 



The Close 



Clausula. 




Thus thou hast seen in 
short, all things 
that can be shewed, 
and hast learned 
the chief Words 
of the English and Latin 
Tongue. 

Go on now 
and read other good Books 
diligently, 

and thou shalt become 
learned^ wise, and godly. 

Remember these things; 
fear God, and call upon 
him, that he may bestow 
upon thee 
the Spirit of Wisdom. 

Farewell. 



Ita vidisti summatim 
res omnes 

quae poterunt ostendi, 
& didicisti 
Voces priniarias 
Anglicce & Latince 
Lingtice. 

Perge nunc 
& lege diligenter alias 
bonos Libros, 
ut fias 
doctus, sapiens, ^ plus. 

Memento horum; 
Deum time, & invoca 
eum, ut largiatur 
tibi 
Spiritum Sapientice. 

Vale. 



INDEX TITULORUM. 



Cap, 



A. 



Pag. 



141 A cies & Praelium 178 

6 Aer 10 
46 Agricultura 58 
33 Amphibia 40 

43 Animi hominis 54 

19 Animalia & pi'imum 

Aves 24 

7 Aqua 12 
!3 Arbor 17 
119 Arbor Consanguin- 

itatis 150 

128 Ars Medica 163 

91 Ars Scriptoria [12 

99 Artes Sermonis 121 

52 Aucupium 65 
24 Aves Aquaticae 30 

22 Aves Campestres & 

Sylvestres 28 

20 Aves Domesticae 25 

23 Aves Rapaces 29 

B. 

74 jDalneum 91 

95 Bibilopegus 117 
94 Bibliopolium 116 

C. 

41 r^anales & Ossa 50 

39 Caput & Manus 47 

40 Caro & Viscera 49 
140 Castra 177 
147 Christianismus 187 
4 Coelum 7 

53 Convivium 72 
55 Coquinaria 68 
135 Cursus Certamina 171 

D. 

44 "Tjeformes & Mon- 

strosi 55 

2 Deus 5 

96 Domus 82 



E. 



106 


pclipses 
Eques 


131 


83 


102 


76 


Equile 


194 


109 


Etiiica 


36 


108 


Europa 

F. 


134 


68 


■paber Ferrarius 
Faber lignariu 


85 


^Z 


s 79 


64 


Faber murarius 


80 


30 


Ferae Bestise 


36 


29 


Ferae Pecudes 


35 


70 


Figulus 


87 


15 


Flores 


20 


1^3 


Fortitudo 


141 


14 


Fructus Arborum 


18 


17 


Fruges 


22 


18 


Frutices 
G. 


23 


145 


/^entilismus 
Geometria 


184 


102 


126 




H. 




36 


TlTomo 

J-J- TT 1 ;_ 


43 



77 Horologia 95 

45 Hortorum cultura 56 

115 Humanitas 144 
72 Hypocaustum cum 

Dormitorio 89 

I. 
5 Ignis 8 

32 Insecta repentia 38 
25 Insecta volantia 31 
)oo Instrumenta Musica 

123 

123 Interiora Urbis 156 
Invitatio 1 

146 Judaismus 186 

124 Judicium 157 
150 Jud'm extremum 193 
28 Jumenta 34 

116 Justitia 145 



INDEX TITULORUM, 



L. 

12 T apides i 5 

54 Lanionia di 

96 Liber ti8 

117 Liberalitas 147 

61 Lintea 76 

134 Ludus Aleae 170 

136 Liidi pueriles 172 

133 Ludus Pilae 169 

130 Ludus Scenicus 166 

M. 

65 A/Tachinae 81 

148 Mahometismus 

190 
35 Marinae Pisces & 

Conchse 42 

48 Mellificium 61 
38 Membra Hominis Ex- 
terna 45 

127 Mensurae & Pondera 

162 
126 Mercatura 161 

67 Metallifodina 84 

11 Metalla 15 

139 Miles 176 

49 Molitura 62 
3 Mundus 6 
98 Museum 120 



17 
90 



N. 



iSJatats 107 

Naufragium 11 1 

88 Navis actuaria 108 

89 Navis oneraria 109 
8 Nubes 12 



O. 

143 (^bsidium Urbis 
16 Olera 

21 Oscines 



181 
21 
27 



P. 

132 palaestra 168 

50 Panificium 67, 
92 Papyrus 113 
71 Partes Domus 88 
114 Patientia 142 
27 Pecora 33 
47 Pecuaria 59 
105 Phases Lunae 130 
101 Philosophia 125 
78 Pictura 96 

51 Piscatio 64 
34 Pisces Fluviatiles 41 
104 Planet. Aspectus 129 
131 Praestigiae 167 
149 Providentia Del 191 
no Prudentia 137 
142 Pugna Navalis 180 
73 Putei 90 

9- 

26 /^uadrupedia &/r/- 
^ mum Domestica 32 
R. 
138 "Degia Majestas 174 
137 Regnum & Regio 

173 
144 Religio 183 

81 Restio & Lorarius 99 
62 cartor "j-] 

97 Schola 119 

69 Scriniarius & Torna- 
tor 86 

III Sedulitas 139 

42 Sensus externi & in- 

terni 52 

37 Septum ^tat. Hom- 
inis 44 
129 Sepultura 165 
31 Serpentes & Reptilia 

37 



INDEX TITULORUM. 



ii8 


Societas Conjugalis 


75 


Tonstrina 


93 




144 


59 


Tractio Lini 


74 


121 


Societas Herilis 153 


86 


Transitus Aqua'm 


106 


120 


Soc'tas Parentalis 152 


93 


Typographia 


114 


79 


Specularia 97 




V. 




103 


Sphaera coelestis 127 


85 


"yectura 
Vehicula 


105 


107 


Sphsera terrestris 132 


84 


103 


125 


Supplicia Malefici- 


53 


Venatus 


66 




orum 159 


82 


Viator 


100 


63 


Sutor y8 


80 


Vietor 


98 




T. 


56 


Vindemia 


70 


112 


'J 'emperantia 140 
Terra 13 


122 


Urbs 


144 


9 




Z. 




10 


Terrae foetus 14 


57 


Vythopoeia 


71 


60 


Textura 75 









An Index of the Titles. 



Chap. A. Page. 

37 nP-^^ Seven Ages of 

Man 44 

6 The Air 10 

33 Amphibious Creatures 

40 
105 The Apparitions of the 
Moon 130 

141 The Army aiid the 

Fight 178 

99 Arts belonging to Speech 

121 
104 The Aspects of the Pla- 
nets 129 
B. 

74 '^he Bath 91 

75 The Barbers Shop 93 
28 Labouring Beasts 34 
30 Wild Beasts -^(i 



143 


The Besieging of a City 

181 

Birds 24 

Birds that live in the 


19 

22 




Fields and Woods 28 


23 


Ravenous Birds 29 


21 
41 


Singing Birds 27 
The Chanel s and Bones 


96 


50 
A Book it8 


95 


The Book-binder 1 1 7 


94 


The Book-sellers Shop 




116 


69 


The Box-maker '^d 


126 
50 


Boys Sports 172 
Bread-baking 63 


57 
129 


Brewing 7 1 
A Burial 165 


54 


Butchery Sj 



AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. 



103 nP//<f Celestial Sphere 

127 

140 The Camp 177 

84 Ca rriages 103 

85 Carrying to and fro 105 
63 The Carpe7iter 79 
27 Herd- Cattle 2i?) 
2 9 Wild- Cattle 3 5 
41 The Chanels and Bones 

50 
147 Christianity 187 

123 yi City 154 

143 T;^^ Besieging of a City 

181 
1 2 3 77z<? Inward parts of a 
City 156 

77?^ C7(?i"^ 194 

8 The Clouds 12 

119 The Tree of Consan- 
guinity 150 
55 Cookery 68 

80 The Cooper 98 

81 TVz^ Cord-wainer 99 
1 7 G?r?z 2 2 

32 Crawling Vermin 38 

33 Creatures that live as 

well by water as by 

land 40 

31 Creeping things 2)7 

D. 

44 T\&'^^'^^^ '^^^ mon- 

strous People 55 

77 Dials 95 

134 Dice-play 170 

III Dilige7ice 1 39 

45 The Dressing of Gar- 

dens 5 6 



E. 

9 nn/^<? Earth 
106 The Eclipses 

65 E?tgines 
108 Europe 

F. 

58 A 7^?^^/ 
132 



39 



13 
131 

81 

134 

72 



Z!^^ Ee7icing- School 
168 



Fire 



5 

5 1 Fishing 64 

34 River -fish and Pond- 

fish 41 

35 Sea-fish and Shell-fish 

43 
40 TVzi? Flesh and Bowels 

49 

1 5 Flowers 20 

2 5 Flying Vermin 3 1 

113 Fortitude 141 
26 7^<?2^r footed Beasts 

about the House 32 

52 Fowli7ig 65 
2 o T<2 ;;z^- i^/5'7£// 2 5 
2 4 ?^<a; /^r- Fowl 3 o 

1 o The Fruits of the Earth 

1 4 Fruits of Trees 1 8 

G. 

88 A Galley 108 

145 Gentilism 184 

102 Geonietry 126 

2 6^<9^ 5 
1 49 God's Providence 1 9 1 
47 Grasing 59 
49 Grinding 62 

H. 

'T*/^^ Head and the 
"" " 47 



Hands 



16 Pot-herbs 



21 



AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. 



2 7 Herd- Ca ttle 3 3 

4 Heave 71 ,7 

48 The making of Honey 

61 

83 The Horse77ian 102 

66 ^ House 82 

71 77^^ parts of a House 



144 
66 

58 



1 1 5 Humanity 
5 3 Hunting 
46 Husbandry 

I. 

TP/z^ l7ivitation i 

1 00 Musical Insru7nents 

T23 
146 J^udaism 186 

124 y^udgment 157 

150 The last 'J^udg77ie7it 193 

116 justice 145 

K. 
137 np/z^ Kingdom and 
Rezion 



173 



L. 



28 T abouring Beasts 34 

117 Liberality 1 47 

19 Livi7ig Creatures 24 

59 7yz<? dressing of Line 74 

61 Linen Cloaths 76 

79 Looki7ig-glasses 97 

M. 

148 \T^>^<?;;2^//i';;z 190 

138 Ki7igly Majesty 

174 

36 J/^;? 43 

37 The Seve7i Ages of Man 

44 

38 Ty^^ outward parts of a 

Man 45 

64 77/ (? Mas 071 80 



127 Measures and Weights 

162 
126 Merchandizi7ig 161 

89 ^ Merchant Ship 109 
1 1 Metals 1 5 
67 ^ J/zW 84 
105 7yz<? Apparitions of the 

Moon 1 3 7 

1 09 Moral Philosophy 1 3 6 

1 00 Musical Lnsfments 1 2 3 

P. 

92 T}aper 1 13 
16 Passage over Waters 

106 

1 14 Patience 142 

10 1 Philosophy 125 
109 Moral Philosophy 136 

128 Physick 163 
78 TVz^ Picture 96 
34 Po7id-fish 41 
1 6 Pot-herbs 2 1 
70 r>^^ 7^^/^^r 87 

93 Printing 1 14 
1 49 God's Providefice 1 9 1 
no Prudence 137 

R. 

135 J^^^^-y _ 171 

23 Ravenous Birds 29 

144 Religio7i 183 

34 River- fish 41 

8 1 77/^ Roper 99 

138 Regal Majesty 174 

S. 
97 A School 119 

142 T-^i? Sea-fight 180 

3 5 Sea- fish and Shell- fish \i 
42 77/^ outward a7id in- 
ward Senses 52 
31 Serpents 37 

90 Shipwreck in 



AN INDEX OF THE TITLES. 



The Shoe-7?iake? 
Shrubs 
Singing Birds 



Sleights 



63 
18 

21 

121 

118 

120 

121 

43 

139 
68 

136 Boys Sports 

103 

107 

99 

76 

130 

12 

72 

room 
98 The Study 



78 

23 

27 

167 

The Society betwixt M an 
and Wife 148 

The Society betwixt Pa- 
rents and Children 152 
The Society betwixt Ma- 
ster and Se7'vant 153 
The Soul of Man 54 
The Souldier 176 

The Black-smith 85 

172 
The Celestial Sphere 127 
The Terrestial Sphere 

132 
Arts belo7iging to Speech 

121 
The Stable 94 

A Stage -pi ay 166 

Stones 1 6 

Ty^.? 6'/^z^^ with the Bed- 

89 



120 



87 Swimming 10- 

T. 
62 nrhe Taylor 77 

1 8 2 Te?npera nee 140 

1 3 3 Tennis play 169 

107 T/^*? Terrestial Sphere 

132 
77/<? Torme?its of Male- 



125 

82 

13 
69 

25 
32 
56 

7 
60 

73 
29 

30 

3 

91 



factors 
The Travellor 
A Tree 
The Turner 

U. 
T^lyins' Vermin 



159 

100 

17 
86 

31 



Crawling Vermin. 38 
70 



T/^f? Vi?ita(^e 

'T^/^^ Water 
Weaving 
Wells 

Wild Cattle 
Wild Beasts 
The World 
Writing 



II 

75 
90 

3S 
6 

112 



Trinuni Deo Gloria. 



FINIS 




C{ vu 



X9044 



